{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:52:22Z","timestamp":1790632342115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Milan"},{"name":"University of Florence"},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To assess the impact of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on fetal and maternal adverse effects in pregnant women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study on 472 pregnant women diagnosed with moderate to severe IDA undergoing treatment with FCM between 2019 and 2025 at Careggi University Hospital (Florence) and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital (Milan). Fetal wellbeing was assessed using computerized cardiotocography (cCTG) or ultrasound, based on gestational age at treatment. Maternal side effects were evaluated through clinical evaluation. Results: cCTG was performed in 377\/472 patients (80%), with a mean short-term variability of 10.2 ms. Normal cCTG criteria were met in 98.4% of cases; six patients exhibited transient reduced variability, which resolved following intrauterine resuscitation. Ultrasound assessment was performed in 95 patients (20%), revealing no fetal heart rate abnormalities. Maternal side effects occurred in seven patients (1.4%). Hemoglobin concentrations increased by a median of 1.4 g\/dL after five weeks, reaching up to 2.8 g\/dL in women with a baseline Hb &lt; 8 g\/dL. Conclusions: Our findings support the potential safety and efficacy of intravenous FCM for the treatment of IDA during pregnancy, demonstrating low rates of maternal side effects and no adverse fetal heart rate patterns. However, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17162670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T07:56:06Z","timestamp":1755590166000},"page":"2670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Fetal Wellbeing\u2014A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7908-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Romani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zullino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Risk Pregnancy Unit, Department for Women and Health, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna R.","family":"Speciale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola M.","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Mother, Woman and Neonate, Hospital Vittore Buzzi, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Bonaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Mother, Woman and Neonate, Hospital Vittore Buzzi, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Ostetricia, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Ostetricia, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Nutritional Sciences\u2014Doctoral Programme, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Petraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Ostetricia, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Mecacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"High Risk Pregnancy Unit, Department for Women and Health, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). Anaemia in Women and Children, World Health Organization. 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