{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:39:24Z","timestamp":1760060364418,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Het\u00e9nyi G\u00e9za Research Grant of the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Szeged","award":["7962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7962"]}]},{"name":"University of Szeged Open Access Fund","award":["7962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7962"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: There is clear evidence that maternal micronutrient deficiencies result in adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Therefore, corrective supplementation should be considered when dietary intake is insufficient, particularly for vitamin D (VD), omega-3 fatty acids (O3), folic acid (FA), or prenatal multiple micronutrient products (PMM). Despite its significance, intake patterns in Hungary remain largely unexplored, and evaluating adherence to recommended intake levels would be of even greater importance. This is the first Hungarian study to provide a comprehensive overview of the frequency and adherence patterns of micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women, while also analyzing their association with predictors and outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 pregnant women who delivered in a university hospital. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and clinical maternal and neonatal records. Results: The prevalence of FA, VD, O3, and PMM intake among the participants was 89.0%, 76.4%, 58.7%, and 67.6%, respectively. However, adherence to recommendations was notably lower: 41.1% for VD, 37.5% for O3, 36% for PMM, and 31% for FA. Higher adherence was associated with older maternal age, higher educational level, county town residence, planned pregnancy, primiparity, previous spontaneous abortion, and early initiation of antenatal care. Our findings refute concerns about the obesogenic effect of supplementation for both mothers and newborns. FA intake correlated with a lower likelihood of cesarean section, while O3 use was associated with improved uterine contractility and reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Our study underscores the need for individualized counselling on micronutrient supplementation, with particular emphasis on appropriate timing, dosage, and potential benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17172732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1756080572000},"page":"2732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Pill: Unveiling the Characteristics of Prenatal Micronutrient Consumption Among Hungarian Pregnant Women According to Different Levels of Adherence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Evelin","family":"Polanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Experimental and Preventive Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"R\u00e1rosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0384-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csenge Fruzsina","family":"B\u00e9ky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8606-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 1, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9400-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajnalka","family":"Orvos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 1, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edit","family":"Paulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Administration of multivitamin and mineral supplement during pregnancy is necessary: Comparison of current guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Kodentsova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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