{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:34:48Z","timestamp":1790876088280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study assessed the individual and combined effects of green tea extract and ginger supplementation on endurance performance, metabolic responses, perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and muscle soreness in normothermic and cold environmental conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, sixteen recreationally active males (age: 23.4 \u00b1 0.4 years; VO2 max: 46.8 \u00b1 2.8 mL\/kg\/min) were tested in eight conditions (placebo [maltodextrin], green tea [500 mg], ginger [1000 mg], combined), all in normothermic (21\u201324 \u00b0C) and cold (5\u20137 \u00b0C) environments. All supplements and the placebo were encapsulated in identical capsules to ensure blinding. Participants completed a submaximal time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at 70% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer. TTE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TSS), and muscle soreness via a visual analog scale (VAS), assessed 24 h post-exercise, were measured. Results: In normothermic condition, green tea and combined supplementation significantly increased TTE and reduced RER compared to the placebo (p &lt; 0.05), and that combined supplementation lowered RPE relative to the placebo and ginger (all p &lt; 0.05). In cold conditions, combined supplementation significantly enhanced TTE, reduced RER, and improved TSS compared to the placebo and ginger (p &lt; 0.05), while all supplements decreased VAS relative to the placebo (p &lt; 0.05). Ginger alone showed no significant effect on TTE or RER but improved TSS and VAS in cold compared to the placebo (p &lt; 0.05). Cold placebo conditions exhibited significantly higher RPE and VAS than all normothermic conditions (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Green tea enhances endurance and fat oxidation in normothermic conditions, while its combination with ginger can optimize performance, thermal comfort, and recovery in cold environments. These findings suggest a practical nutritional strategy for mitigating environmental stress during exercise, specific to the acute supplementation in males. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07150533).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17182949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T09:43:41Z","timestamp":1757929421000},"page":"2949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Extract and Ginger Supplementation on Endurance Performance and Thermal Perception in Normothermic and Cold Environments: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Demirli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"Ulup\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3397-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"\u00d6zbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Bora","family":"\u00d6zkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cebrail","family":"Gen\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ouergui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca Paolo","family":"Ardig\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riera, F., Bellenoue, S., Fischer, S., and M\u00e9ric, H. 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