{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:04:59Z","timestamp":1787065499198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-107-03\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-107-03\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Indole-3-carbinol is an indole derivative which is commonly present in vegetables, which belong to Brassicaceae family and has many medicinal properties. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant impact of indole-3-carbinol on damages caused by Fenton reaction substrates to lipid membranes (lipid peroxidation) of porcine kidneys and ovaries. Methods: Antioxidant effect of indole-3-carbinol was assessed using Lipid Peroxidation Assay. As damaging agents were used Fenton reaction substrates, i.e., FeSO4 at 11 different concentrations and H2O2. The concentrations of indole-3-carbinol were 0.0, 20.0, 10.0, 5.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mM. Results: Comparative analysis showed higher lipid peroxidation levels in kidney than ovary homogenates at 600\u201318.75 \u03bcM FeSO4. Indole-3-carbinol significantly reduced LPO in porcine ovary homogenates at higher FeSO4 concentrations (1200\u2013300 \u03bcM) in a concentration-dependent manner, while antioxidant effects in kidney homogenates were observed across a broader FeSO4 range (1200\u201318.75 \u03bcM). Notably, at the lowest FeSO4 concentrations (4.687\u20132.343 \u03bcM), high doses of indole-3-carbinol (20.0 and 10.0 mM) induced pro-oxidant effects in both tissues. Furthermore, indole-3-carbinol at these concentrations exhibited potential pro-oxidant activity even in samples without added Fenton reaction substrates. Conclusions: Indole-3-carbinol has dose-dependent antioxidant effects in porcine ovary and kidney homogenates under high oxidative stress, reducing Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation. However, high doses of indole-3-carbinol exhibited pro-oxidant effects at lower prooxidant concentration and under basal conditions (i.e., without addition of prooxidant), highlighting the importance of dose and oxidative conditions in its potential therapeutic use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:48:37Z","timestamp":1758635317000},"page":"3032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Two Faces of Indole-3-Carbinol\u2014Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Fenton Reaction Substrates in Porcine Ovary and Kidney Homogenates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Skoczy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7547-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"St\u0119pniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Karbownik-Lewi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital\u2014Research Institute, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.02.002","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Disorders: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"148","author":"Rani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling","volume":"122","author":"Forrester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. 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