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Coffee is a widely consumed beverage rich in bioactive compounds, including caffeine, polyphenols, tannins, proteins, and minerals, and studies suggest that coffee and its bioactive constituents demonstrate potential benefits for mental health. However, the specific mechanism by which coffee regulates depression, anxiety and sleep disorders is still unclear, and there is a lack of systematic research in this regard. This study searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to summarize the effects of coffee and its active ingredients on depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders and their mechanisms. Keywords included \u201ccoffee\u201d, \u201cactive ingredients\u201d, \u201cdepression\u201d, \u201canxiety\u201d, \u201cSleep disorders \u201cand \u201cmechanisms\u201d. This review summarizes 27 animal studies, 11 clinical studies, and 6 epidemiological studies on this topic. The results showed that moderate caffeine intake may improve mood and cognitive performance, while excessive intake may be associated with anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other compounds, such as polyphenols, may contribute to mental health through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective mechanisms. Future research is needed to clarify effective dosages, assess long-term safety, improve coffee processing methods, and explore the development of coffee-based functional foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:19:45Z","timestamp":1758701985000},"page":"3037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the Impact and Mechanisms of Coffee and Its Active Ingredients on Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zijun","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linwanyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiji","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Change","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huanggang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-1003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2012.08.018","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and sleep","volume":"30","author":"Krystal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. 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