{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T11:43:36Z","timestamp":1794397416965,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a phenotype characterized by increased body fat combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. SO is prevalent among people living with HIV, especially in men (MLWH); however, the link between this phenotype and diet is still unclear in this population. For this reason, in this study, we aim to examine potential associations between self-reported macronutrient intake and SO in MLWH, and, eventually, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a simple nutritional marker for screening SO. Methods: A total of 216 MLWH were selected from a large cohort who completed a total body composition measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), muscle strength assessment by handgrip test, and nutritional recording by 24 h recall interview. The sample was categorized into SO (n = 45), non-SO (NSO) (n = 33), and non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO) (n = 138). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between different macronutrients and SO after adjusting for confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify discriminating cut-off points of the determined macronutrient intake to screen for SO. Results: The MLWH with SO while compared to NSO and NSNO, were of an older age and had a higher BMI, but with a lower total caloric and protein intake. However, adjusted logistic regression showed that only protein intake (g\/kg\/day) (OR = 0.017; 95%CI: 0.003\u20130.094, p &lt; 0.05) and age (OR = 1.051; 95%CI: 1.011\u20131.093, p &lt; 0.05) were significantly associated with SO. The age-adjusted ROC analysis identified the 0.98 g\/kg\/day of protein intake (AUC = 0.8149; p &lt; 0.0001; sensitivity = 71%; specificity = 70%) as a cut-off point to screen for SO in the MLWH. Conclusions: We identified a new cut-off point of daily protein intake able to screen for SO in MLWH, and its use can be implemented in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:39:42Z","timestamp":1758710382000},"page":"3042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between Reduced Daily Protein Intake and Sarcopenic Obesity in Men Living with HIV: A New Screening Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Milic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gabriele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Valoriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Guaraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Rochira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan","family":"El Ghoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2024.02.001","article-title":"The global burden of HIV","volume":"42","author":"Payagala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. 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