{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:45:49Z","timestamp":1792449949551,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP23489983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23489983"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the recent years, the accelerating global demographic shift toward population aging has been accompanied by a marked increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Among emerging approaches, dietary interventions targeting the gut\u2013brain axis have garnered considerable attention, owing to their potential to modulate key pathogenic pathways underlying neurodegenerative processes. This review synthesizes current concepts in precision nutrition and elucidates neurohumoral, immune, and metabolic regulatory mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota, including the roles of the vagus nerve, cytokines, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and microbial metabolites. Emerging evidence underscores that dysbiotic alterations contribute to compromised barrier integrity, the initiation and perpetuation of neuroinflammatory responses, pathological protein aggregations, and the progressive course of neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, these insights highlight the gut microbiota as a pivotal target for the development of precision-based dietary strategies in the prevention and mitigation of neurodegenerative disorders. Particular attention is devoted to key bioactive components such as prebiotics, probiotics, psychobiotics, dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols that critically participate in regulating the gut\u2013brain axis. Contemporary evidence on the contribution of the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis is systematically summarized. The review further discusses the prospects of applying nutrigenomics, chrononutrition, and metagenomic analysis to the development of personalized dietary strategies. The presented findings underscore the potential of integrating precision nutrition with targeted modulation of the gut\u2013brain axis as a multifaceted approach to reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and preserving cognitive health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T10:39:37Z","timestamp":1758883177000},"page":"3068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Precision Nutrition and Gut\u2013Brain Axis Modulation in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilyar","family":"Tuigunov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Specialty Food Products, Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Sinyavskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Specialty Food Products, Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talgat","family":"Nurgozhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Specialty Food Products, Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"School of General Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6041-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhibek","family":"Zholdassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosis and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Treatment Center, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7366-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galiya","family":"Smagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3817-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerzhan","family":"Omarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Specialty Food Products, Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Dolmatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Specialty Food Products, Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainur","family":"Yeshmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative and Preventive Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indira","family":"Omarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative and Preventive Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00369","article-title":"Lifestyle modifications and nutritional interventions in aging-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Bhatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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