{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:47:41Z","timestamp":1760060861785,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Environment, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) is a high-frequency congenital disease. Besides genetic background, maternal environmental factors may be involved in its incidence. We examined the effects of unbalanced diets and the intake of dietary supplements during pregnancy on the incidence of non-syndromic CL\/P (NSCLP) via a case\u2013control study design with multiple case groups. The case group diagnosed with NSCLP included 281 patients, 217 from the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) data and 64 from the Aichi Gakuin University Hospital from 2011 to 2014. The control group comprised 87,477 (excluding cases with multiple births, chromosomal abnormalities, or complications) of the 104,062 fetal records registered in JECS. Results: The results revealed a significantly increased risk of NSCLP (aOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.63\u20135.00) in mothers who avoided two or more food items out of the investigated five, i.e., milk and dairy products, eggs, soy, fish, and beef. No association was identified in mothers who avoided one food. Conclusions: Providing nutritional support when multiple foods are avoided in daily food habits may be effective in reducing the occurrence of NSCLP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:06:53Z","timestamp":1759932413000},"page":"3175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Food Preferences and Supplement Intake During Pregnancy on the Cleft Lip and Palate Incidence: The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-4141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumiko","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki 5698686, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin University Dental Hospital, Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazuki","family":"Tamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Food & Health Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9, Katahira, Nagakute 480-1197, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideto","family":"Imura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Matsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Hiroshima International University, 555-36 Kurose-Gakuendai, Higashihiroshima 739-2695, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin University Dental Hospital, Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin 470-0195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7943-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagato","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin University Dental Hospital, Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai 270-1695, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3342-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ebara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ergonomics, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michihiro","family":"Kamijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e035817","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035817","article-title":"Maternal multivitamin intake and orofacial clefts in offspring: Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.10.008","article-title":"Current concepts on the effect of environmental factors on cleft lip and palate","volume":"42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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