{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T21:43:35Z","timestamp":1787867015672,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD2201304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2201304"]}]},{"name":"the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-2025-IFST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-2025-IFST"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gallic acid (GA) is a dietary polyphenol widely found in walnuts, tea leaves, and grapes, and it is recognized for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) is known to disrupt redox balance, promote neuroinflammation, and impair cognition, while effective nutritional strategies to mitigate these effects remain scarce. This study was designed to evaluate the protective potential of GA against CSD-induced cognitive deficits in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Seventy-two male ICR mice were randomly allocated to six groups, including control, CSD model, Ginkgo biloba extract, and GA at three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg\/kg). After 28 days of treatment, cognitive performance was assessed using the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition (NOR), step-through passive avoidance (ST), and Morris water maze (MWM). Redox status and inflammatory mediators were determined by ELISA, while the hippocampal expression of proteins related to antioxidant defense and NF-\u03baB signaling was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: GA supplementation improved exploratory activity, recognition memory, and spatial learning in the CSD mice. Biochemical evaluation revealed that total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were restored, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were reduced. These changes were accompanied by decreased circulating concentrations of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). At the molecular level, GA enhanced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, while inhibiting p-p65, iNOS, and COX2 in the hippocampus. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that GA alleviates CSD-induced cognitive deficits through the activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and inhibition of NF-\u03baB\u2013mediated inflammatory responses. Thus, GA may represent a promising nutraceutical candidate for maintaining cognitive health under chronic sleep loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:51:28Z","timestamp":1760428288000},"page":"3204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Research on the Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Gallic Acid Against Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Sleep Deprivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiangfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1227112","article-title":"Evidence from a meta-analysis and systematic review reveals the global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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