{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T04:40:35Z","timestamp":1760676035927,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the European Union"},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"name":"government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["GRS 2501\/B\/22","GRS2714\/C\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 2501\/B\/22","GRS2714\/C\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Salamanca","award":["IBYE23_004","IBYAP23_0001","CB22\/06\/00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBYE23_004","IBYAP23_0001","CB22\/06\/00035"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006301","name":"CIBER","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CB22\/06\/00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB22\/06\/00035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Long COVID (LC) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk and chronic inflammation, whereas the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to improve the aforementioned factors. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between MD and its components with vascular structure, function, and aging in patients diagnosed with LC globally and by sex. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with 304 subjects diagnosed with LC; 207 were women and 97 men. Adherence to MD was evaluated with a validated MEDAS questionnaire, composed of 14 items. The vascular structure was assessed using carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Three measurements were carried out to evaluate vascular function: cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Vascular aging index (VAI) was estimated. Results: The MD score was 7.80 \u00b1 2.33, with no difference between sexes. Vascular function and aging parameter values were higher in men than in women. Use of olive oil as the principal source of fat for cooking, and consuming &lt;1 serving of butter\/day and &lt;1 sugar-sweetened beverage\/day showed &gt;90% adherence. Logistic regression analysis displayed associations between cIMT &lt; 0.625 and use of olive oil in the global analysis (OR = 0.148) and among men (OR = 0.120), and &lt;2 commercial pastries\/week in global (OR = 0.536). cfPWV &lt; 7.400 m\/s was associated with DM score \u2265 8 in global (OR = 0.444) and in women, as well as with &lt;2 pastries\/week in women (OR = 0.405). baPWV &lt; 12.315 m\/s was associated with \u22653 servings of pulses\/week in global (OR = 0.481) and among women, as was &lt;2 pastries\/week in global (OR = 0.471) and in women. CAVI &lt; 7.450 was associated with \u22654 tablespoons of olive oil\/day in men. VAI &lt; 63.693 was associated with DM score \u2265 8 in global (OR = 0.458) and in women, as well as &lt;2 pastries\/week in global (OR = 0.392). Conclusions: Adherence to MD was associated with lower cfPWV and VAI measures in the global analysis and among women. In particular, several of the components were associated with a better vascular profile in LC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1760449289000},"page":"3226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship of Mediterranean Diet and Its Components with Parameters of Structure, Vascular Function, and Vascular Aging in Subjects Diagnosed with Long COVID: BioICOPER Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1940-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Navarro-C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Service, University Hospital of La Paz, P. of Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7056-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Arroyo-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Lugones-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 28046 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Home Hospitalization Service, Marques of Valdecilla University Hospital, s\/n, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-4092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Navarro-Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 28046 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03173-6","article-title":"Long COVID Science, Research and Policy","volume":"30","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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