{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:47:47Z","timestamp":1789494467846,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean government","award":["RS-2023-00253017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00253017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020ER710200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ER710200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020ER710201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ER710201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020ER710202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ER710202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023ER060500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ER060500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023ER060501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ER060501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023ER060502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ER060502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The risk of sarcopenic obesity across menopausal transition stages remains unclear. This study investigated the association between menopausal stage and the risk of sarcopenic obesity. Methods: This longitudinal study included 4766 Korean women aged 42\u201352 years (median follow-up duration, 9.1 years). Menopausal transition was classified by STRAW + 10 stages: premenopause, early transition, late transition, and postmenopause. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as ASM index &lt; 5.7 kg\/m2 combined with PBF \u2265 35%. ASM and PBF were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis with an InBody 720 device. Obesity, defined by BMI or waist circumference, was used for the sensitivity analyses. Associations were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Participants had a mean age and BMI of 42.2 years (SD 3.0) and 22.1 kg\/m2 (SD 2.9), respectively; 16.1% had high body fat, and 15.6% had low muscle mass. Increased age was associated with higher odds of sarcopenic obesity (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.10). Compared to pre-menopause, late transition (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17\u20131.89) and post-menopause (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.26\u20132.23) were significantly associated with sarcopenic obesity, independent of confounders. Similar trends were observed using waist circumference-based definitions. No significant associations were identified using BMI-based definitions (BMI \u2265 23 kg\/m2), although positive trends were observed. Conclusions: In middle-aged Korean women undergoing natural menopause, sarcopenic obesity increased across menopausal stages, becoming significant from the late transition. These unfavorable changes were more evident when using body composition measures, suggesting that BMI alone may underestimate such changes during menopausal transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T07:29:38Z","timestamp":1760599778000},"page":"3238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity Across Menopausal Transition Stages in Middle-Aged Korean Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yoosun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonyoung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoosoo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-024-00555-2","article-title":"Weight Gain in Midlife Women","volume":"13","author":"Hurtado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. 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