{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:40:55Z","timestamp":1792806055905,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Osaka University Program for the Support of Networking among Present and Future Researchers","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035t8zc32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19lk0310057h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19lk0310057h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Frailty and sarcopenia are age-related conditions that impair quality of life in older adults. Although the gut microbiota affects muscle health, its role in sarcopenia remains unclear. This study investigated the association between gut microbiota enterotypes and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 322 community-dwelling adults from the Japanese Frailty Scale cohort aged \u226565 years were assessed for sarcopenia using standardized criteria. Physical measures included grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Gut microbiota profiles were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and classified into four enterotypes (ET-B1, ET-B2, ET-R, ET-P). Associations with sarcopenia were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Participants with enterotype ET-B2 had significantly lower microbial diversity (p &lt; 0.01) and reduced grip strength (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the difference in SMI compared with ET-P individuals did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0625). Sarcopenia prevalence differed significantly between enterotypes (p &lt; 0.01). A predictive model incorporating age and ET-B2 exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.795, significantly higher than the age-only model (AUC = 0.686, DeLong\u2019s test, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Gut microbiota composition, especially enterotype ET-B2, is significantly associated with sarcopenia in older Japanese adults. These findings indicate the potential for using the gut microbiota as a biomarker and therapeutic target in treating age-related muscle decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1760617022000},"page":"3250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gut Microbiota Enterotype as a Predictor of Sarcopenia in the Japanese Elderly Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8735-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayaka","family":"Hotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0316-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akimitsu","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9190-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya K.","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cykinso, Inc., Tokyo 151-0053, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cykinso, Inc., Tokyo 151-0053, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: Implications for Clinical Practice and Public Health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx170","article-title":"Trajectories of Frailty among Chinese Older People in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2012: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, K., Pan, Y., Fang, J., Wu, H., and Hua, Y. 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