{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:10:19Z","timestamp":1788372619192,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology under the National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-NKTA-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NKTA-47"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases and improved health outcomes. However, sustaining dietary changes remains challenging. Digital interventions\u2014including virtual culinary medicine programs, web-based nutrition coaching, SMS and email reminders, mobile application\u2013based self-management, and hybrid community programs\u2014offer promising strategies to support behavior change, enhance cooking skills, and improve dietary adherence. These approaches are relevant for both healthy individuals and those living with chronic conditions. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of studies published between 2000 and 2025 in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented with manual searches. Included studies comprised randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, feasibility studies, and qualitative research. Interventions were categorized by modality (SMS, email, web platforms, mobile apps, virtual culinary programs, and hybrid formats) and population (healthy adults, patients with chronic diseases). Outcomes examined included dietary quality, self-efficacy, psychosocial well-being, and program engagement. Results: Most studies reported improvements in dietary quality, cooking skills, nutrition knowledge, and psychosocial outcomes. Virtual cooking programs enhanced dietary adherence and engagement, particularly among individuals at cardiovascular risk. Digital nutrition education supported behavior change in chronic disease populations, including patients with multiple sclerosis. SMS and email reminders improved self-monitoring and participation rates, while mobile applications facilitated real-time feedback and goal tracking. Hybrid programs combining online and in-person components increased motivation, social support, and long-term adherence. Reported barriers included limited technological access or skills, lack of personalization, and privacy concerns. Conclusions: Virtual culinary medicine programs and other digital microinterventions\u2014including SMS, email, web, mobile, and hybrid formats\u2014are effective tools to promote plant-based diets. Future interventions should focus on personalized, accessible, and hybrid strategies, with attention to underserved populations, to maximize engagement and sustain long-term dietary change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1761056642000},"page":"3310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Digital Microinterventions in Nutrition: Virtual Culinary Medicine Programs and Their Effectiveness in Promoting Plant-Based Diets\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vir\u00e1g","family":"Z\u00e1b\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lehoczki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos Tam\u00e1s","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Szappanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7608-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Lip\u00e9cz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Cs\u00edp\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-4003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vince","family":"Fazekas-Pongor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1vid","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nika","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14517","article-title":"Trends in mortality from stroke in the European Union, 1996\u20132015","volume":"28","author":"Soto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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