{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:00:55Z","timestamp":1778799655819,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2025-16072157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-16072157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2022-NR072431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR072431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u2018Customized Technology Partner\u2019","award":["RS-2023-00282905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00282905"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic diseases linked to obesity represent a major global health challenge. Although pharmaceutical treatments show efficacy, their use is often limited by side effects. Methods: This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of acid-processed Citrus reticulata Blanco peels extract (CRBE) prepared through reflux extraction with 50% ethanol, followed by acid treatment using 3 M hydrogen chloride and neutralization. Results: Following acid treatment, the composition of the extract showed a marked increase in the 5-demethylated forms of polymethoxyflavones, particularly 5-demethylnobiletin (31.86 mg\/g) and 5-demethyltangeretin (34.68 mg\/g), whereas the concentrations of the typical citrus polymethoxyflavones, nobiletin (14.82 mg\/g) and tangeretin (10.61 mg\/g), decreased. Using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, CRBE inhibited adipogenesis concentration dependently, substantially decreasing the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipid metabolism-related proteins. In ob\/ob mice, oral CRBE substantially suppressed body weight gain without affecting food intake, while normalizing liver function indicators and improving serum lipid profiles by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. Conclusions: Acid-processed CRBE effectively inhibits adipocyte differentiation and exhibits anti-obesity effects in vivo, offering potential as a natural agent for obesity management with minimal side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T02:03:48Z","timestamp":1761185028000},"page":"3322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-Obesity Effects of Acid-Processed Citrus reticulata Blanco Peel Extract Enriched in Highly Bioactive Polymethoxyflavones: Inhibition of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation and Therapeutic Efficacy in ob\/ob Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9977-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Gi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5103-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Sook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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