{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:10:32Z","timestamp":1761894632666,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GH614","OPP1189827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GH614","OPP1189827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harry D. Kruse Publication Award in Human Nutrition"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Zinc deficiency remains a public health concern in South Asia but is rarely studied through gestation to infancy. Methods: We identified maternal and infant factors related to plasma zinc of 3 mo old Bangladeshi infants (n = 317) in the context of a trial of a daily antenatal to 3 mo postpartum multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) with 15 vitamins and minerals, including 12 mg zinc, versus iron\u2013folic acid (IFA). Factors explored included maternal age, parity, and plasma zinc in early (pre-supplementation) and late pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and in milk; cord blood zinc (n = 83); birth outcomes; and infant feeding and biomarkers. Consequently, infant zinc was explored with 3 mo anthropometry and growth rates. Results: Mean \u00b1 SD infant plasma zinc was 15.63 \u00b1 6.65 \u00b5mol\/L, with 10.1% deficiency (&lt;9.9 \u00b5mol\/L). In adjusted analyses, infant zinc was positively associated with maternal age [20\u201330 years +0.11 \u00b5mol\/L (p = 0.018) and \u226530 years +0.28 \u00b5mol\/L (p = 0.003) relative to &lt;20 years], maternal early pregnancy zinc (+0.01 \u00b5mol\/L per 1 \u00b5mol\/L maternal zinc, p = 0.011), and infant ferritin (+0.001 \u00b5mol\/L per 1 \u00b5g\/L, p = 0.007); conversely, infant zinc was \u22120.13 \u00b5mol\/L lower (p = 0.013) with maternal parity \u22652 versus 0\u20131 and with partial versus exclusive breastfeeding (\u22120.15 \u00b5mol\/L, p = 0.038). Relationships with MMS, maternal later pregnancy, postpartum, milk, and cord blood zinc were absent. Length-for-age (+0.02 per \u00b5mol\/L, p = 0.047) but not weight-for-length Z-scores at 3 months were associated with infant zinc. Conclusions: Thus, infant zinc was associated with pre- but not post-MMS maternal zinc, age and parity, feeding style, and infant iron status. Infant length but not weight was associated with plasma zinc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:50:19Z","timestamp":1761785419000},"page":"3393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal and Infant Determinants of Zinc Status and Zinc\u2019s Association with Anthropometry in 3-Month-Old Bangladeshi Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ximing","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee S.-F.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasmot","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Gaibandha 5700, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saijuddin","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Gaibandha 5700, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Keith P.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry J.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003210","article-title":"Discovery of human zinc deficiency: Its impact on human health and disease","volume":"4","author":"Prasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. 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