{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:48:25Z","timestamp":1789480105931,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives. Preterm birth (PTB), affecting approximately 11.1% of pregnancies globally, often results from inflammation at the maternal\u2013fetal interface triggered by microbial or immune dysregulation. This study investigates the efficacy of cell-free supernatant derived from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CECT 30660 in mitigating inflammation-induced PTB in a murine model. Methods. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to induce preterm labor and systemic inflammation, mimicking infection-related PTB. Results. The results demonstrated that combined administration of CECT 7210 and CECT 30660 cell-free supernatants reduced preterm deliveries from 85.6% to 42.8% in mice and significantly attenuated systemic and intrauterine proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6, in maternal plasma and myometrial tissues. Importantly, this anti-inflammatory effect was independent of maternal progesterone or oxytocin levels, suggesting a direct modulation of immune responses in this animal model. The cell-free supernatant combination also inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus agalactiae, highlighting its antimicrobial potential. Conclusions. This study underscores the potential of CECT 7210 and CECT 30660 cell-free supernatants as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk of PTB by targeting inflammation pathways. The findings pave the way for further preclinical and clinical research to validate the efficacy of these cell-free supernatants in preventing PTB and associated complications, offering a promising alternative to traditional probiotic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1762178433000},"page":"3429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CECT 30660 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 Cell-Free Supernatants Reduces LPS-Induced Preterm Birth and Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Quesada-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 i Salut, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L, Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Edifici H\u00e8lix, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3420-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"De Almagro Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L, Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Edifici H\u00e8lix, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2242-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Cifuentes-Orjuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L, Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Edifici H\u00e8lix, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Antol\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 i Salut, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5705-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Mar\u00eda","family":"Alcaide-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 i Salut, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L, Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Edifici H\u00e8lix, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Puiggr\u00f2s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 i Salut, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6144-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Caimari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Area, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e0tima","family":"Sabench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Cirurgia del IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep M.","family":"Del Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Area, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Escot\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 i Salut, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2172-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Moreno-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Ordesa S.L, Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Edifici H\u00e8lix, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.4.308","article-title":"Wet mount microscopy reflects functional vaginal lactobacillary flora better than Gram stain","volume":"53","author":"Donders","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","article-title":"A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115867","article-title":"Defense factors of vaginal lactobacilli","volume":"185","author":"Aroutcheva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00124.x","article-title":"Selection and identification of anaerobic lactobacilli producing inhibitory compounds against vaginal pathogens","volume":"48","author":"Kaewsrichan","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1086\/318070","article-title":"Assessment of the capacity of Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of uropathogens and block their adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"183","author":"Osset","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00101-08","article-title":"Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae epithelial cell interactions by vaginal Lactobacillus species","volume":"76","author":"Spurbeck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matu, M.N., Orinda, G.O., Njagi, E.N.M., Cohen, C.R., Bukusi, E.A., Holmes, K.K., Waiyaki, P.G., Shafi, J., Ghodake, A., and Ngetich, E. (2017). Vaginal Lactobacilli Reduce Neisseria gonorrhoeae Viability through Multiple Strategies: An in Vitro Study. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00502"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Gajer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walther-Ant\u00f3nio, M.R.S., Jeraldo, P., Berg Miller, M.E., Yeoman, C.J., Nelson, K.E., Wilson, B.A., White, B.A., Chia, N., Creedon, D.J., and Chia, N. (2014). Pregnancy\u2019s stronghold on the vaginal microbiome. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098514"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verstraelen, H., Verhelst, R., Claeys, G., Yeoman, C.J., Nelson, K.E., Wilson, B.A., White, B.A., Chia, N., Creedon, D.J., and Chia, N. (2009). Longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microflora in pregnancy suggests that L. crispatus promotes the stability of the normal vaginal microflora and that L. gasseri and\/or L. iners are more conducive to the occurrence of abnormal vaginal microflora. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-116"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.002","article-title":"Patient safety series","volume":"204","author":"Garite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linhares, I.M., Summers, P.R., Larsen, B., Giraldo, P.C., and Witkin, S.S. (2011). Contemporary perspectives on vaginal pH and lactobacilli. Am. J. Obs. Gynecol., 204.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.010"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7175","article-title":"Tumor-secreted lactic acid promotes IL-23\/IL-17 proinflammatory pathway","volume":"180","author":"Shime","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476215","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/476215","article-title":"D-lactic acidosis: An underrecognized complication of short bowel syndrome","volume":"2015","author":"Kowlgi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426505020006634","article-title":"D-lactic acidosis","volume":"20","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00460-13","article-title":"Influence of vaginal bacteria and D- and L-lactic acid isomers on vaginal extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer: Implications for protection against upper genital tract infections","volume":"4","author":"Witkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00807-y","article-title":"Pathogenesis of preterm birth: Bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus","volume":"42","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","article-title":"The global epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.029","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth and reduces inflammation in pregnant CD-1 mice","volume":"211","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Reid, G., Challis, J.R.G., Kim, S.O., Gloor, G.B., and Bocking, A.D. (2015). Is there a role for probiotics in the prevention of preterm birth?. Front. Immunol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00062"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00803-2","article-title":"Preterm birth and sustained inflammation: Consequences for the neonate","volume":"42","author":"Humberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz, L., Fl\u00f3rez, A.B., S\u00e1nchez, B., Milani, C., Gueimonde, M., Ventura, M., and Margolles, A. (2020). Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis CECT7210 (B. infantis IM-1\u00ae) Displays In Vitro Activity Against Some Intestinal Pathogens. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113259"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1624_14","article-title":"Interplay of cytokines in preterm birth","volume":"146","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan2263","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan2263","article-title":"Alloreactive fetal T cells promote uterine contractility in preterm labor via IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"10","author":"Frascoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e6dbc0","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: A systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1387","article-title":"Cnr2 deficiency confers resistance to inflammation- induced preterm birth in mice","volume":"155","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2007.00352.x","article-title":"Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels","volume":"71","author":"Velez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500758","article-title":"Novel Noncompetitive IL-1 Receptor\u2013Biased Ligand Prevents Infection- and Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth","volume":"195","author":"Quiniou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056143","article-title":"Interleukin 10 regulates inflammatory cytokine synthesis to protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion and fetal growth restriction in mice","volume":"76","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.12.004","article-title":"Intrauterine inflammatory activation, functional progesterone withdrawal, and the timing of term and preterm birth","volume":"125","author":"Keelan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13187","article-title":"Progesterone and preterm birth","volume":"150","author":"Norman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.10.006","article-title":"Oxytocin and vasopressin signalling and myometrial contraction","volume":"13","author":"Arrowsmith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.013","article-title":"Pathophysiology of preterm labor with intact membranes","volume":"41","author":"Talati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.10.013","article-title":"Characterization of an Adapted Murine Model of Intrauterine Inflammation\u2013Induced Preterm Birth","volume":"190","author":"Zierden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0323-8","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of N-acetylcysteine on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages","volume":"60","author":"Palacio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grev, J.S.R. (Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2018). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Review) Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012519"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chichlowski, M., Shah, N., Wampler, J.L., Wu, S.S., and Vanderhoof, J.A. (2020). Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis (B. infantis) in Pediatric Nutrition: Current State of Knowledge. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061581"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegh, C.A.M., Geerlings, S.Y., Knol, J., Roeselers, G., and Belzer, C. (2019). Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194673"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barba-Vidal, E., Castillejos, L., L\u00f3pez-Colom, P., Rivero, M., Moreno Mu\u00f1oz, J.A., Mart\u00edn de Llano, J.J., Moreno-Mu\u00f1oz, J., Mart\u00edn-Palom\u00e1s, M., Badiola, I., and Mart\u00edn-Or\u00fae, S.M. (2017). Evaluation of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 capacities to improve health status and fight digestive pathogens in a piglet model. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00533"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sorrento, A., Castillejos, L., L\u00f3pez-Colom, P., Barba-Vidal, E., and Mart\u00edn-Or\u00fae, S.M. (2020). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Combined or Not with Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin, on Weaned Pigs Orally Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02012"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8775","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05548-11","article-title":"Novel probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 strain active against rotavirus infections","volume":"77","author":"Chenoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Env. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90503-0","article-title":"A model of intrauterine infection and preterm delivery in mice","volume":"172","author":"Hirsch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63567-5","article-title":"A New Model for Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth: The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Toll-Like Receptor-4","volume":"163","author":"Elovitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01650.x","article-title":"Myometrial immune cells contribute to term parturition, preterm labour and post-partum involution in mice","volume":"17","author":"Shynlova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.34","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT7210-supplemented formula reduces diarrhea in healthy infants: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Escribano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barba-Vidal, E., Castillejos, L., Roll, V.F.B., Cifuentes-Orjuela, G., Moreno-Mu\u00f1oz, J.A., and Mart\u00edn-Or\u00fae, S.M. (2017). The Probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPl6 reduces pathogen loads and improves gut health of weaned piglets orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01570"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"65","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (B. infantis IM-1\u00ae) muestra actividad frente a pat\u00f3genos intestinales","volume":"39 (Spe3)","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Mercado, A.I., Plaza-D\u00edaz, J., de Almagro, M.C., Rodr\u00edguez-Serrano, M., Due\u00f1as, M.T., and Abad\u00eda-Molina, F. (2022). Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Caco-2 Cells Cultured in the Presence of Escherichia coli CECT 515. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810813"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0740-x","article-title":"Indole-3-lactic acid, a metabolite of tryptophan, secreted by Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is anti-inflammatory in the immature intestine","volume":"88","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.02.005","article-title":"Myometrial activation: Novel concepts underlying labor","volume":"92","author":"Shynlova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.11.001","article-title":"A critical role of interleukin-1 in preterm labor","volume":"28","author":"Obari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melville, J.M., and Moss, T.J.M. (2016). The immune consequences of preterm birth. Front. Neurosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00079"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i23.3729","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of bifidobacteria by inhibition of LPS-induced NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"12","author":"Riedel","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90227.2008","article-title":"Secreted bioactive factors from Bifidobacterium infantis enhance epithelial cell barrier function","volume":"295","author":"Ewaschuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2079","article-title":"Oral probiotic administration during pregnancy prevents autism-related behaviors in offspring induced by maternal immune activation via anti-inflammation in mice","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0063","article-title":"Interleukin-6 Is an Essential Determinant of on-Time Parturition in the Mouse","volume":"151","author":"Robertson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.11.004","article-title":"Signaling via the type I IL-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model","volume":"194","author":"Hirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.09.005","article-title":"A role for IL-17 in induction of an inflammation at the fetomaternal interface in preterm labour","volume":"84","author":"Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01120.x","article-title":"The preterm parturition syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Romero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migale, R., MacIntyre, D.A., Cacciatore, S., Lee, Y.S., Hagberg, H., Herbert, B.R., Johnson, M.R., Peebles, D., Vallance, H., and Bocking, A.D. (2016). Modeling hormonal and inflammatory contributions to preterm and term labor using uterine temporal transcriptomics. BMC Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0632-4"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"222","article-title":"Bacteria-induced or bacterial product-induced preterm parturition in mice and rabbits is preceded by a significant fall in Serum progesterone concentrations","volume":"7","author":"Romero","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.697942","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine prevents preterm birth by attenuating the LPS-induced expression of contractile associated proteins in an animal model","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/21\/3429\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:03:43Z","timestamp":1762178623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/21\/3429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17213429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17213429","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}}}