{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T01:30:59Z","timestamp":1785634259161,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition\u2014including stunting, thinness, overweight, and obesity\u2014among Vietnamese children aged 6\u201317 years, and to identify demographic, geographic, and behavioral correlates to inform targeted nutrition interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationally representative study was conducted from January 2024 to June 2025 using data from the MIDU Assessment Program. A multistage stratified random sampling approach recruited 43,505 children aged 6\u201317 years across all regions of Vietnam. Anthropometric measurements were obtained following WHO 2007 growth reference standards. Stunting was defined as height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) &lt; \u22122 SD, and overweight\/obesity as body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ) &gt; +1 SD. Data on demographic characteristics, sleep patterns, sports participation, vitamin K2 use, and pubertal status were collected via structured questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with stunting and overweight\/obesity. Results: Overall, 3.9% were stunted, 5.1% were thin, 20.7% were overweight, and 11.4% were obese; 8.6% had any undernutrition and 39.5% had any form of malnutrition. Stunting was significantly associated with being male (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24\u20131.52), older age\u2014particularly 14\u201317 years (OR = 6.56, 95% CI: 5.48\u20137.84)\u2014and residing in the Northern midlands, North Central, South Central, and Central Highlands regions. In contrast, frequent sports participation (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68\u20130.84), daily vitamin K2\u2013MK7 use (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.93), and having reached puberty (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.22\u20130.30) were associated with lower odds of stunting. For overweight and obesity, lower odds were found among females (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.46\u20130.51) and older children, while higher odds occurred among those living in the Southeast (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.36\u20131.53) and Mekong River Delta (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24\u20131.48) regions. Early sleep (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87\u20130.95) and sports participation (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.11) showed modest associations, whereas vitamin K2 use and puberty were not significant predictors. Conclusions: Vietnamese school-aged children face a significant rate of malnutrition, with regional, gender, and age disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1762178433000},"page":"3446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Updated Dual Burden of Malnutrition Among Vietnamese School-Aged Children: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5273-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nghia Duc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong Ngoc","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mirai General Clinic, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hop Xuan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midu MenaQ7 Joint Stock Company, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Vietlife General Clinic, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Viet","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midu MenaQ7 Joint Stock Company, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son Ngo","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong Lan Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9541-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, March 01). 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