{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:56:11Z","timestamp":1780599371803,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives:\u00a0Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) is an adaptogenic plant widely recognized for its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties; however its hepatoprotective potential properties are unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate whether the fruit extract of E. senticosus contains chemical constituents with hepatoprotective effects in a paracetamol-induced liver injury model in mice. Methods: Female BALB\/c mice were randomized into five groups: control, paracetamol (300 mg\/kg, IP), E. senticosus extract (750 or 1500 mg\/kg, PO) + paracetamol, and silymarin (50 mg\/kg) + paracetamol. Extracts were administered for seven days before paracetamol challenge. Biochemical markers (ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, protein, albumin) and hematological parameters were assessed, and organs were subjected to histopathological examination. Phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using UHPLC-DAD-MS and ICP-OES. Results: The 750 mg\/kg dose of E. senticosus extract maintained ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels close to control values, while the higher dose (1500 mg\/kg) was less effective and showed an increase in serum urea. Both extract doses and silymarin attenuated creatinine elevation induced by paracetamol. No histopathological changes were detected in the kidneys or brains of treated animals. Phytochemical analysis revealed high contents of phenolic acids (chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids), flavonoids, amino acids, and essential minerals. Conclusions:\u00a0E. senticosus fruit extract demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect at an optimal dose (750 mg\/kg), indicating a potential dose-dependent effect. The absence of histopathological alterations in key organs supports the fruit extract\u2019s safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1762178433000},"page":"3456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatoprotective Activity of the Fruits of Eleutherococcus senticosus in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice and Their Chemical Composition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Graczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Krolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Gawenda-Kempczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"W\u00f3jciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Sowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Sulejczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2147\/BTAT.S60734","article-title":"Myths and Facts in Herbal Medicines: Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) and Its Contraindication in Hypertensive Patients. hypertensive patients","volume":"27","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bot. 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