{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:08:49Z","timestamp":1791576529227,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Salamanca"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI21\/01430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI24\/01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/01630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Protein\u2013energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving renal replacement therapy by dialyses. This condition is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and poorer quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of different nutritional strategies\u2014such as oral nutritional supplements and intra-dialytic parenteral nutrition\u2014in improving the nutritional status of these patients. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Searches were performed in PubMed, BVS, and Scopus between January and March 2025. Randomised or controlled clinical trials published in English or Spanish, available in full text, involving adults on haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialyses (PD) were included. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The nutritional interventions assessed produced consistent benefits in biochemical markers (e.g., serum albumin), muscle mass, inflammatory indices, and perceived quality of life. Intra-dialytic supplementation and multidisciplinary management were particularly effective in patients with moderate-to-severe malnutrition. Conclusions: Malnutrition is frequent and clinically significant in dialyses patients. Nutritional strategies\u2014including oral supplementation, IDPN, and personalised counselling\u2014effectively prevent and treat PEW. Early, tailored, evidence-based, and multidisciplinary implementation could decisively improve clinical prognosis and quality of life in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:19:29Z","timestamp":1762348769000},"page":"3478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nutritional Strategies to Address Malnutrition in Dialyses Patients: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Arroyo-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Alonso-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Mas-Fontao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renal Pathology and Diabetes, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Autonoma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas y de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Gonzalez-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renal Pathology and Diabetes, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Autonoma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Autonoma University, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2730-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Tocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Renal Espa\u00f1ola, 28003 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2020.03.005","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors in the Spanish Population Attended in Primary Care: Results of the IBERICAN Study","volume":"156","author":"Llisterri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. 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