{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:54:31Z","timestamp":1784573671138,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes and Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19SA058975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19SA058975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Liaison Committee for education, research, and innovation in Central Norway","award":["2020\/39645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/39645"]}]},{"name":"Liaison Committee for education, research, and innovation in Central Norway","award":["2021\/928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/928"]}]},{"name":"Joint Research Committee between St. Olavs Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU","award":["2021\/51833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/51833"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), particularly when combined with overweight or obesity, is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes such as high birth weight and increased adiposity. We determined the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy on neonatal, birth-related, and body composition outcomes at birth and 6\u20138 weeks of age in children of participants in the BEFORE THE BEGINNING randomized controlled trial. Methods: People (N = 167) at increased risk of GDM and planning pregnancy were randomly allocated 1:1 to intervention or control. The intervention included time-restricted eating and exercise training. Time-restricted eating involved consuming all energy within \u226410 h\/day, \u22655 days per week, and the amount of exercise was set using a heart rate-based physical activity metric (Personal Activity Intelligence, PAI), with the goal of \u2265100 weekly PAI points. The main outcome of interest in this report was the proportion of infants with birth weight &gt; 4.0 kg. Results: Among 106 live births, 21% (11\/53) of infants in the intervention group and 28% (15\/53) in the control group had birth weight &gt; 4 kg (p = 0.367). Mean birth weight did not differ significantly between groups (mean difference \u2212159.3 g, 95% confidence interval \u2212375.7 to 57.2, p = 0.148). No significant between-group differences were found for additional neonatal, birth-related, or early postnatal body composition outcomes. Conclusions: In this secondary analysis, we found no evidence of effects of a preconception lifestyle intervention on the risk of macrosomia or neonatal body composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:51:43Z","timestamp":1762451503000},"page":"3492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neonatal Outcomes Following a Preconception Lifestyle Intervention in People at Risk of Gestational Diabetes: Secondary Findings from the BEFORE THE BEGINNING Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Abu Jafar","family":"Sujan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2277-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Skarstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3879-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guro","family":"Rosvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine Lyngvi","family":"Fougner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9686-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turid","family":"Follestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri Ann","family":"Nyrnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Clinic, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1788-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjell","family":"Salvesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine","family":"Moholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025). 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