{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:42:43Z","timestamp":1789508563302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimal nutritional therapy is important for infants and children with perioperative congenital heart disease and heart failure. Medical providers face physiological and metabolic challenges when administering enteral and parenteral nutrition to these patients. Complications related to enteral nutrition can increase morbidity and mortality, although outcomes are improved in those cases in which caloric and nutrient administration can be achieved. Consensus regarding feeding strategies and timing of nutritive care is lacking. This narrative review aims to summarize, analyze and discuss the most recent literature on nutritional therapy in perioperative congenital heart disease, heart failure and pediatric patients requiring mechanical circulatory support in the intensive care unit. We also present our own institution\u2019s enteral feeding protocols and rationale for their use supported by evidence-based medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17223609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1763556931000},"page":"3609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perioperative Nutrition in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Silva-Gburek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailey","family":"Walvoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Zambrano Heli\u00f3n, Escuela de Medicina Ignacio Santos, TecSalud, Monterrey 66278, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3852-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Coss-Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.041","article-title":"The Ancient Heart What the Heart Meant to Our Ancestors","volume":"78","author":"Figueredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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