{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:09:05Z","timestamp":1763557745847,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["502-03\/6-024-01\/502-64-072","503\/6-077-01\/503-61-001","564\/9-905-01\/564-01","503\/6-086-01\/503-61-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["502-03\/6-024-01\/502-64-072","503\/6-077-01\/503-61-001","564\/9-905-01\/564-01","503\/6-086-01\/503-61-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The body requires effective antioxidant defense mechanisms to counter the effect of oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the postprandial effect of antioxidative vitamin (C, E and \u03b2-carotene) consumption during breakfast and of aerobic exercise on salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Methods: Fifty-one healthy male adolescents were examined (13\u201318 years; 15.4 \u00b1 1.6). Dietary interviews including vitamin C, E, and \u03b2-carotene intake were performed twice, once on the examination day and again the day before. Salivary TAC was assessed using the DPPH method (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and expressed as % of free radical reduction. Saliva samples were assayed at three subsequent time-points: fasting (DPPH 1), after a meal\u2014breakfast\u2014(DPPH 2), and after aerobic exercise training (DPPH 3). Results: DPPH 2 was higher than DPPH 1 (16.8 \u00b1 7.5 vs. 14.9 \u00b1 7.2% of reduction; p = 0.03), and no differences were noted between DPPH 2 and DPPH 3 (16.8 \u00b1 7.5 vs. 16.3 \u00b1 6.5%; p &gt; 0.05), nor between DPPH 1 and DPPH 3. Subjects with higher BMI demonstrated higher values of DPPH at all time-points of the study (p &lt; 0.05). In turn, neither the DPPH values nor the changes in DPPH were related to weekly exercise-related energy expenditure (p &gt; 0.05). No singular DPPH index was associated with the level of vitamin E or \u03b2-carotene intake with meals on the day before the study; however, DPPH 1 (rho = \u22120.38; p &lt; 0.01) and DPPH 2 (rho = \u22120.45; p &lt; 0.001) negatively correlated with vitamin C intake on the day before examination. Conclusions: In physically active adolescents, daily vitamin C consumption decreased salivary TAC, and the consumption of antioxidant nutrients\/vitamins as part of a regular breakfast directly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of saliva; nevertheless, subsequent physical exercise had no detectable impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17223610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:55:31Z","timestamp":1763556931000},"page":"3610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity of Sportive Adolescents\u2014The Effect of Antioxidant Vitamin Intake with Usual Diet and Physical Exercises"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2953-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gawron-Skarbek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Marek","family":"Wr\u00f3blewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Chrzczanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-438 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3445-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kostka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00897.x","article-title":"Chemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidants: Experimental Approaches and Model Systems","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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