{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:49:22Z","timestamp":1778568562918,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Government State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission Enterprise Innovation Development and Capacity Enhancement","award":["2022013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis, with growing evidence underscoring the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier function in driving inflammation and immune dysregulation. Methods: Four strains of Lactobacillus helveticus (CCFM1501, DSCAB9M6, CCFM1263, DYNDL451) were evaluated in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Results: L. helveticus CCFM1501 exhibited the most pronounced therapeutic benefits. It significantly attenuated paw swelling and synovial hyperplasia and reduced serum levels of total collagen-II-specific IgG and its subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-\u03b1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9) while elevating anti-inflammatory IL-10. Moreover, CCFM1501 enhanced intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1), increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric acids), and positively restructured gut microbiota composition. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that L. helveticus CCFM1501 is associated with the alleviation of CIA, which may be linked to multi-faceted mechanisms including immunomodulation, intestinal barrier repair, SCFA promotion, and microbial homeostasis restoration. These results suggest its potential as a targeted probiotic strategy for RA management and justify further clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:33:06Z","timestamp":1763739186000},"page":"3645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lactobacillus helveticus Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats Through Inflammation Modulation and Gut Microbiota Regulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhexuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7809-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qixiao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1347-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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