{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:10:22Z","timestamp":1788372622594,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B1121110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B1121110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["113-2635-H-158-001-SSS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2635-H-158-001-SSS"]}]},{"name":"114 NSTC International Internship Pilot Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and diabetic sarcopenia (DS) represent overlapping metabolic\u2013musculoskeletal disorders characterized by the coexistence of excessive adiposity, insulin resistance, and progressive muscle wasting. The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), proposed by the EAT\u2013Lancet Commission, emphasizes plant-forward, nutrient-dense, and environmentally sustainable food patterns that may concurrently address metabolic and muscle health. This review aimed to systematically evaluate dietary and bioactive nutritional interventions aligned with the PHD and their effects on muscle mass, strength, metabolism, and underlying mechanisms in SO and DS. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, studies published between 2015 and 2025 were identified across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included dietary, nutritional, or supplement-based interventions reporting muscle-related outcomes in obesity- or diabetes-associated conditions. Results: Ninety-one eligible studies were categorized into plant-derived, animal\/marine-based, microorganism\/fermented, synthetic\/pharmaceutical, and environmental interventions. Across diverse models, bioactive compounds such as D-pinitol, umbelliferone, resveratrol, GABA, ginseng, whey peptides, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids consistently improved muscle mass, strength, and mitochondrial function via AMPK\u2013SIRT1\u2013PGC-1\u03b1 and Akt\u2013mTOR signaling. These mechanisms promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, suppressed proteolysis (MuRF1, Atrogin-1), and enhanced insulin sensitivity, antioxidant capacity, and gut\u2013muscle communication. Conclusions: PHD-aligned foods combining plant proteins, polyphenols, and fermented products strengthen nutrient sensing, mitochondrial efficiency, and cellular resilience, representing a sustainable nutritional framework for preventing and managing SO and DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T11:47:22Z","timestamp":1763984842000},"page":"3656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bioactive Nutritional Components Within the Planetary Health Diet for Preventing Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7767-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Elvina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiao-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang Hien Ngan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Che","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Tien","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te-Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7253-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fandi","family":"Sutanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sing-Chung","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03021-8","article-title":"Aging, longevity, and healthy aging: The public health approach","volume":"37","author":"Gianfredi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Clin. 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