{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:16:08Z","timestamp":1793412968883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020728","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Gonzalo R\u00edo Arronte, Instituci\u00f3n de Asistencia Privada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S.0634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S.0634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/ESP\/1851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/ESP\/1851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-2023-3-117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-2023-3-117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations between the Lifestyle Inflammation Score (LIS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and glucose metabolism alterations (GMA) postpartum. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on 378 pregnant women at the end of pregnancy. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary parameters were evaluated. Postpartum reclassification was based on fasting serum glucose (&gt;100 mg\/dL), HbA1c (&gt;5.7%), and\/or a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (&gt;140 mg\/dL). The LIS was calculated using a proxy index including smoking status, physical activity, and pregestational BMI, applying the beta coefficient from the original LIS model. Tertiles were created, with T3 indicating the highest level of proinflammatory exposure. Statistical analyses included Kruskal\u2013Wallis, one-way ANOVA, linear-by-linear association, and multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for family history, gestational weight gain, carbonylated proteins, and adiponectin to evaluate associations between LIS and GDM, and adjusted for pharmacological treatment, gestational weight gain, and breastfeeding for LIS and GMA. Results: Higher LIS values were more common among women with GDM (T1 = 45.9%, T2 = 62.2%, T3 = 74.8%, p &lt; 0.001) and among those with GMA (T1 = 34.4%, T2 = 45.6%, T3 = 53.7%, p = 0.019). Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of LIS was associated with greater odds of GDM (OR 3.72; 95% CI: 1.19\u201311.64, p = 0.024) and GMA (OR 2.69; 95% CI: 1.25\u20135.76, p = 0.011). Conclusions: A more proinflammatory lifestyle, as reflected by a higher LIS, increases the risk of progression to GDM and later to GMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1764244213000},"page":"3717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between the Lifestyle Inflammation Score and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Postpartum Glucose Metabolism Alterations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8228-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica L.","family":"Ruiz-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2191-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita A.","family":"G\u00f3mez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7711-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Leticia","family":"Valdez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9023-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), R\u00edo de la Magdalena 289, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Eridani","family":"Acevedo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), R\u00edo de la Magdalena 289, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2392-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Ramos-Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201cLa Raza\u201d, Dr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Eje Vial 1 Poniente, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3227-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Flor","family":"D\u00edaz-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional \u201cLa Raza\u201d, Dr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Avenida Vallejo S\/N Esq. Antonio Valeriano S\/N, Col. La Raza, Mexico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7984-1336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Morales-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. 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