{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:29:55Z","timestamp":1789003795783,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82304141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Program","award":["2023M741256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M741256"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC2001804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2001804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Low-fat diet (LFD) is widely applied in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the limited efficacy and difficulty in maintaining it hinder its wider promotion. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is well-known as a probiotic in modulating gut microbiota, which is crucial in T2DM. However, the combined effects of LFD and PHGG remain unknown. Methods: Mice with T2DM were divided into 4 groups: T2DM control (DM-high-fat diet), LFD alone (DM-LFD), or LFD combined with low or high doses of PHGG (PHGG-L\/H, 2.5% and 7.5% (w\/w)) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were assessed. Furthermore, microbiota composition, fecal metabolites, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Results: LFD improved dyslipidemia but not glucose metabolism disorders. However, PHGG remarkably decreased FBG and HOMA-IR, and increased glucose tolerance. PHGG upregulated the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including the genera Dubosiella, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus, which were negatively correlated with FBG, HOMA-IR, and AUC (IPGTT). Moreover, the metabolic pathways altered by PHGG were enriched in tryptophan, tyrosine, and galactose metabolism. Fecal propionic acid and butyric acid, positively correlated with the abundance of genera Dubosiella and Ruminococcus, were markedly decreased by 50% and 44% in the DM-LFD group, but increased 2-fold after PHGG supplementation. Conclusions: PHGG combined with LFD might be a potential strategy to ameliorate glucose metabolic disorders, likely through modulating gut microbiota and the production of propionic acid and butyric acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:44:28Z","timestamp":1764751468000},"page":"3746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Combined with a Low-Fat Diet Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1071-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quantao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Longfengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, October 09). The Top 10 Causes of Death. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Wu, W., Zhang, Q., Xing, T., Bai, Y., Li, S., Zhang, D., Che, H., and Guo, X. (2025). Mechanism and therapeutic potential of hippo signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biomed. Pharmacother., 183.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117817"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azagew, A.W., Mekonnen, C.K., Lambie, M., Shepherd, T., and Babatunde, O.O. (2025). Poor glycemic control and its predictors among people living with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21828-y"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1116-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: Tracing the reverse route from cure to cause","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13478","article-title":"The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"510","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S194690","article-title":"MRI assessment of ectopic fat accumulation in pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle in patients with obesity, overweight and normal BMI in correlation with the presence of central obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Pienkowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2204-7","article-title":"Reversal of type 2 diabetes: Normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol","volume":"54","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1449","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1449","article-title":"Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission","volume":"374","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1787","article-title":"Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"176","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.018","article-title":"Hepatic Lipoprotein Export and Remission of Human Type 2 Diabetes after Weight Loss","volume":"31","author":"Zhyzhneuskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33102-1","article-title":"Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): An open-label, cluster-randomised trial","volume":"391","author":"Lean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.67929","article-title":"Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes","volume":"308","author":"Gregg","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Hul, M., and Cani, P.D. (Cell Metab., 2025). From microbiome to metabolism: Bridging a two-decade translational gap, Cell Metab., Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.10.011"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.011","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Zhang, B., Chen, F., Xia, R., Zhu, D., Chen, B., Lin, A., Zheng, C., Hou, D., and Li, X. (2022). Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled, prospective study. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1089991"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10838","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO02957G","article-title":"High-fat diet promotes type 2 diabetes mellitus by disrupting gut microbial rhythms and short-chain fatty acid synthesis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5774","article-title":"Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reider, S.J., Moosmang, S., Tragust, J., Trgovec-Greif, L., Tragust, S., Perschy, L., Przysiecki, N., Sturm, S., Tilg, H., and Stuppner, H. (2020). Prebiotic Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on the Composition and Function of the Human Microbiota-Results from the PAGODA Trial. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051257"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116116","article-title":"Properties of hydrolyzed guar gum fermented in vitro with pig fecal inocula and its favorable impacts on microbiota","volume":"237","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13052","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13052","article-title":"Carbon monoxide alleviates senescence in diabetic nephropathy by improving autophagy","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70069","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.70069","article-title":"Cholic Acid\u2013Induced Akkermansia Expansion and FGF-15 Upregulation Improve Diabetes While Exacerbating Steatohepatitis in TSOD Mice","volume":"30","author":"Kato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Cao, Z., Wang, L., Li, J., Cheng, X., Tang, Y., Xing, M., and Yao, P. (2023). Chronic high-fat diet induces galectin-3 and TLR4 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in NASH. J. Nutr. Biochem., 112.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109217"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00157-8","article-title":"Understanding the cause of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.288720","article-title":"Association of Tryptophan Metabolites with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Trial: A Case-Cohort Study","volume":"64","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"23","author":"Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324053","article-title":"Host and gut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: An integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies","volume":"71","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2533","article-title":"Microbiota-Related Metabolites and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Vangipurapu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac217","article-title":"The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism: A scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs","volume":"116","author":"Costabile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kashyap, A., Mackay, A., Carter, B., Fyfe, C.L., Johnstone, A.M., and Myint, P.K. (2022). Investigating the Effectiveness of Very Low-Calorie Diets and Low-Fat Vegan Diets on Weight and Glycemic Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224870"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00127-X","article-title":"Managing insulin resistance: The forgotten pathophysiological component of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Maffei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.012","article-title":"Role of dietary fiber in the recovery of the human gut microbiome and its metabolome","volume":"29","author":"Tanes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5720\/kjcn.2024.00276","article-title":"Effects of a multi-component program based on partially hydrolyzed guar gum (Sunfiber((R))) on glycemic control in South Korea: A single-arm, pre-post comparison pilot clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Korean J. Community Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-98","article-title":"Identification of cysteinylated transthyretin, a predictive biomarker of treatment response to partially hydrolyzed guar gum in type 2 diabetes rats, by surface-enhanced laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"58","author":"Naito","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.6.1056","article-title":"Guar gum in insulin-dependent diabetes: Effects on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins","volume":"56","author":"Sinisalo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.6.1061","article-title":"Guar gum improves insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fibrinolysis in healthy men","volume":"56","author":"Landin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178646917691938","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646917691938","article-title":"Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism: Regulatory and Functional Aspects","volume":"10","author":"Badawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Tryptophan Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21199","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway is activated in human obesity and shifted toward kynurenine monooxygenase activation","volume":"23","author":"Favennec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolite Indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"106","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z.R., Zhao, L.Y., Zhu, F.R., Liu, Y., Xiao, J.Y., Chen, Z.C., Lv, X.C., Huang, Y., and Liu, B. (2022). Anti-Diabetic Effects of Ethanol Extract from Sanghuangporous vaninii in High-Fat\/Sucrose Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11070974"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z.R., Huang, Q.Z., Chen, K.W., Huang, Z.F., Liu, Y., Jia, R.B., and Liu, B. (2022). Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via modulating intestinal microflora in type 2 diabetic mice. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1013466"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.232538","article-title":"Dietary Fermentable Fiber Reduces Intestinal Barrier Defects and Inflammation in Colitic Mice","volume":"146","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasukawa, Z., Inoue, R., Ozeki, M., Okubo, T., Takagi, T., Honda, A., and Naito, Y. (2019). Effect of Repeated Consumption of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Fecal Characteristics and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092170"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.128","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Canfora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15766","article-title":"Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota","volume":"528","author":"Forslund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0350-x","article-title":"Causal relationships among the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases","volume":"51","author":"Sanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.08.018","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived indole-3-propionic acid alleviates diabetic kidney disease through its mitochondrial protective effect via reducing ubiquitination mediated-degradation of SIRT1","volume":"73","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojo, O., Feng, Q.Q., Ojo, O.O., and Wang, X.H. (2020). The Role of Dietary Fibre in Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113239"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/23\/3746\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:49:27Z","timestamp":1764751767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/23\/3746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17233746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17233746","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}}}