{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:44:50Z","timestamp":1792043090525,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Several studies have suggested a contrasting link between a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) pattern and cancer risk; however, their findings have been inconsistent. This study aims to systematically review observational studies and, where possible, quantify the overall effect through a meta-analysis. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through May 2025. Odds ratios (ORs), along with their confidence intervals, were extracted for meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to combine the ORs. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Of these, six reports examined the relationship between the DRRD and breast cancer risk, three assessed liver cancer incidence, two analyzed pancreatic cancer risk, and two focused on endometrial cancer. Additionally, seven studies explored the association with other cancers, including ovarian, colorectal, renal, head and neck, bladder, and lung cancers. The meta-analysis revealed that high adherence to the DRRD is associated with a decreased cancer risk (OR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.71\u20130.84, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: After stratifying by geographic region, gender, study design, and cancer site, the inverse relationship remained significant across all subgroups. DRRD can be viewed as a beneficial approach associated with a lower cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T15:14:06Z","timestamp":1764861246000},"page":"3802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association of Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Maghsoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Social Security Organization, Tehran 14579-65595, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"A. Alsanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical City, Qassim University, Buraydah 51432, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohannes Adama","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliakbar","family":"Sayyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 15514-15468, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehran","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol P.O. Box 47135-547, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Shoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beheshteh","family":"Olang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 15514-15468, Iran"},{"name":"Children Emergency Department, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Yarizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh P.O. Box 3919676651, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1123-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 15514-15468, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-23-0411","article-title":"Updating the definition of cancer","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, February 03). Cancer. 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