{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T16:02:37Z","timestamp":1781366557229,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23ATY008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ATY008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004806","name":"Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["141113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently experience eating-related behavioral difficulties; however, the relationships among these difficulties, core ASD deficits, and executive function remain poorly understood. The present study examined how core ASD characteristics\u2014restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) and social impairments\u2014relate to eating behaviors, including food approach and avoidance tendencies. In addition, the study explored whether executive function serves as a mediating mechanism underlying these associations. Methods: A total of 184 children aged 3\u201312 years participated in this cross-sectional study. All variables were measured using parent-reported questionnaires, and data were analyzed through path modeling. The Social Responsiveness Scale\u2013Second Edition (SRS-2) and the Repetitive Behavior Scale\u2013Revised (RBS-R) were employed to assess social impairments and RRBs, respectively. Eating behaviors\u2014comprising food approach and food avoidance dimensions\u2014were evaluated with the Children\u2019s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), while executive function was measured using the Child Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Results: The analysis revealed significant associations between RRBs and both food approach and food avoidance behaviors in children with ASD. Crucially, follow-up regression analyses specifying RRBs subtypes showed that Stereotyped Behavior independently predicted both food approach (\u03b2 = 0.305, p &lt; 0.001) and avoidance (\u03b2 = 0.217, p = 0.002), while Compulsive Behavior specifically predicted food avoidance (\u03b2 = 0.173, p = 0.021). Furthermore, executive function appeared to serve as a potential mediator in these relationships, suggesting that impairments in executive control may partially explain how repetitive behaviors influence eating patterns. Although social impairments showed weaker direct associations with eating behaviors, they indirectly affected both food approach and avoidance behaviors through deficits in executive function, highlighting the complex interplay among behavioral, cognitive, and social domains in ASD. Conclusions: These findings indicate that RRBs\u2014one of the core characteristics of ASD\u2014can predict children\u2019s eating behaviors and are concurrently linked to two seemingly opposite eating patterns. Both social impairments and RRBs appear to influence eating behaviors through executive dysfunction. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying atypical eating behaviors in children with ASD and identifies executive function as a promising target for interventions aimed at improving eating-related outcomes in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17243854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:22:40Z","timestamp":1765376560000},"page":"3854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Core Deficits and Eating Behaviors in Children with Autism: The Role of Executive Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3908-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2143-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6476-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Leisure, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqiao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1787-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-4202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1122-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiguo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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