{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:32:48Z","timestamp":1787592768906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"President\u2019s Doctoral Fund of the Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands and Midwest, Ireland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Perimenopause, the final years of a woman\u2019s reproductive life, may be symptomatic, affecting health and wellbeing. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, may alleviate these symptoms and improve health. Understanding nutrient intake at this stage of life is critical for tailoring dietary recommendations. This study investigated the nutrient intake of perimenopausal women in relation to adult guidelines and explored the associations between nutrients and symptoms. Methods: Irish perimenopausal women were recruited (&gt;40 years old). Participants reported symptom severity via the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). They completed a 4-day food diary along with a physical activity (PA) and demographic questionnaire. Hierarchal multiple regression was used to test the relationship between MRS and nutrients. A one-sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare nutrient intake to the guidelines. Results: Participants (n = 63) had a mean age of 47.8 \u00b1 3.5 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 27.0 \u00b1 3.9 kg\/m2 and an overall MRS score of 13.5 \u00b1 6.9. Participants were not meeting dietary reference values (DRVs) for most nutrients, with intakes significantly below guidelines for fibre (p &lt; 0.001), total vitamin D (p = 0.031), calcium (p &lt; 0.001), and iron (p &lt; 0.001), and exceeding guidelines for saturated fat (p &lt; 0.001). Hierarchal multiple regression models (adjusted for BMI, age, marital status, and PA) showed that Vitamin E intake was a predictor of a higher urogenital sub-score (\u03b2 = 0.405, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There was variable adherence amongst midlife women to dietary guidelines, which may impact on both current and future health status. Public health initiatives are required to address this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17243887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1765543951000},"page":"3887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nutrient Intake and Menopausal Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam Bernadette","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SHE (Sport, Health & Exercise) Research Centre, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geraldine","family":"Cuskelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHE (Sport, Health & Exercise) Research Centre, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8631-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Heavey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHE (Sport, Health & Exercise) Research Centre, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2021.12.001","article-title":"The essential menopause curriculum for healthcare professionals: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement","volume":"158","author":"Rees","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2015.05.001","article-title":"Menopausal Symptoms and Their Management","volume":"44","author":"Santoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol. 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