{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:16:15Z","timestamp":1782119775420,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The concept of vitamins has evolved over the past century from compounds preventing classical deficiency diseases to nutrients recognized for supporting long-term health. Despite their central role in science and public health, existing definitions often fail to clearly characterize and distinguish vitamins from other bioactive compounds and do not capture the complexity of their nutritional requirements. Method: This article reviews the historical origins and current definitions of vitamins. Results: We identify the limitations of existing definitions and present a contemporary, physiologically informed definition as a discussion proposal. Our proposal no longer relies solely on the prevention of classical hypo- or avitaminoses. Conclusions: By incorporating the concept of conditional essentiality, this framework also tries to clarify the distinction between classical vitamins and other bioactive substances, reflecting variable dietary requirements under different conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17243890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:04:40Z","timestamp":1765548280000},"page":"3890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Is a Vitamin? Towards a Contemporary Definition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8459-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Society for Applied Vitamin Research E.V. (GVF), 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5314-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Eggersdorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Applied Vitamin Research E.V. (GVF), 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1937-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Kerlikowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Society for Applied Vitamin Research E.V. (GVF), 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000124","article-title":"The discovery of the vitamins","volume":"82","author":"Semba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9162-7","article-title":"Christiaan Eijkman (1856\u20131930)","volume":"266","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1912.sp001524","article-title":"Feeding experiments illustrating the importance of accessory factors in normal dietaries","volume":"44","author":"Hopkins","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. 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