{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:19:45Z","timestamp":1790140785267,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017103","name":"Urakami Foundation for Food and Food Culture Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP25K03068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K03068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Reducing the dietary intake of sugar and salt is considered a key strategy for preventing the onset and progression of lifestyle-related diseases. However, these dietary interventions often compromise the taste of foods, which can reduce patient satisfaction. To address this challenge, we focused on novel food-derived particles (NFPs; patent number P7383867) consisting of lipid, \u03b1-cyclodextrin, and xanthan gum formulated as an emulsion with excellent retention and diffusion properties. Methods: Here, we investigated the effects of NFPs on the taste responses of mice. Results: In two-bottle preference tests (n = 4\u20136), NFPs enhanced preferences for sweet and salty stimuli in behavioral tests (one-way ANOVA, p &lt; 0.05) and increased the responses of the chorda tympani nerve (n = 6\u20138) to sweet and salty stimuli (two-way ANOVA, main treatment effect p &lt; 0.05), but had no effect on the responses to sour, bitter, or umami stimuli. Conclusion: These findings suggest that NFPs may enhance peripheral taste responses to sweet and salty flavors, thereby helping maintain the palatability of foods with reduced sugar or salt content. Such modulation may have broad applications in improving the acceptability of therapeutic or restricted diets and supporting both disease management and prevention, including lifestyle-related diseases, kidney disease, and other conditions requiring dietary restriction and may offer translational relevance for human dietary interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18010098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:47:27Z","timestamp":1766998047000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Food-Derived Particle Enhances Sweet and Salty Taste Responses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3688-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junichi","family":"Yamazoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nagasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirari","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4623-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-7429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Sanematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Oral Health\/Brain Health\/Total Health Research Center, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5675-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriatsu","family":"Shigemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.537","article-title":"Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Beverages May Play a Role in the Epidemic of Obesity","volume":"79","author":"Bray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000491556","article-title":"The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention","volume":"53","author":"Breda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04041-1","article-title":"Relation between Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Drinks and Childhood Obesity: A Prospective, Observational Analysis","volume":"357","author":"Ludwig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304127","article-title":"Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes","volume":"371","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"WHO (2023). WHO Global Report on Sodium Intake Reduction, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"WHO (2025, November 11). WHO Obesity and Overweight. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"WHO (2025, November 11). Healthy Diet. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/healthy-diet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60200-2","article-title":"Action on Sugar--Lessons from UK Salt Reduction Programme","volume":"383","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, C.S., Mars, M., James, J., de Graaf, K., and Appleton, K.M. (2021). Sweet Talk: A Qualitative Study Exploring Attitudes towards Sugar, Sweeteners and Sweet-Tasting Foods in the United Kingdom. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061172"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jachimowicz-Rogowska, K., and Winiarska-Mieczan, A. (2023). Initiatives to Reduce the Content of Sodium in Food Products and Meals and Improve the Population\u2019s Health. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102393"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12915","article-title":"Compendium of Sodium Reduction Strategies in Foods: A Scoping Review","volume":"21","author":"Dunteman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurmilah, S., Cahyana, Y., Utama, G.L., and A\u00eft-Kaddour, A. (2022). Strategies to Reduce Salt Content and Its Effect on Food Characteristics and Acceptance: A Review. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11193120"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1998.7.3.168","article-title":"Characterization of the Precipitants of Hospitalization for Heart Failure Decompensation","volume":"7","author":"Bennett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1990.tb03450.x","article-title":"Early Readmission of Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure","volume":"38","author":"Vinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510060088038","article-title":"The Relationship of Treatment Adherence to the Risk of Death after Myocardial Infarction in Women","volume":"270","author":"Gallagher","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.19.2043","article-title":"Association of Medication Adherence, Knowledge, and Skills with Emergency Department Visits by Adults 50 Years or Older with Congestive Heart Failure","volume":"61","author":"Hope","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2009.05.005","article-title":"Heart Failure Patients\u2019 Perceptions on Nutrition and Dietary Adherence","volume":"8","author":"Heo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2022","article-title":"Physiology of the Tongue with Emphasis on Taste Transduction","volume":"103","author":"Doyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031522-075853","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste","volume":"85","author":"Taruno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2393204","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Natural Sweeteners: Impact on Sensory Properties, Food Structure, and New Frontiers for Their Application","volume":"65","author":"Benucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2326012","article-title":"A Review on Natural Sweeteners, Sweet Taste Modulators and Bitter Masking Compounds: Structure-Activity Strategies for the Discovery of Novel Taste Molecules","volume":"65","author":"An","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-023-00178-2","article-title":"The Flavor-Enhancing Action of Glutamate and Its Mechanism Involving the Notion of Kokumi","volume":"7","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, S., Cheng, Y., Wangzhang, J., Sun, M., Feng, T., Liu, Q., Yao, L., Ho, C.-T., and Yu, C. (2024). Taste-Active Peptides from Triple-Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Straw Mushroom Proteins Enhance Salty Taste: An Elucidation of Their Effect on the T1R1\/T1R3 Taste Receptor via Molecular Docking. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13070995"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.108759","article-title":"Enhancement of Sodium Salty Taste Modulate by Protease-Hydrolyzed Gum Arabic","volume":"141","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9469","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c01144","article-title":"Replication of the Taste of Sugar by Formulation of Noncaloric Sweeteners with Mineral Salt Taste Modulator Compositions","volume":"71","author":"DuBois","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruyama, Y., Yasuda, R., Kuroda, M., and Eto, Y. (2012). Kokumi Substances, Enhancers of Basic Tastes, Induce Responses in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Expressing Taste Cells. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034489"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109434","article-title":"Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Subcritical Water-Extracted Soy Hull Polysaccharides: Relationship to Salty Taste of Sodium","volume":"147","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.04.051","article-title":"Preparation, Receptors, Bioactivity and Bioavailability of \u03b3-Glutamyl Peptides: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"113","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112056","article-title":"Highly Sweet Compounds of Plant Origin: From Ethnobotanical Observations to Wide Utilization","volume":"243","author":"Soejarto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orellana-Paucar, A.M. (2023). Steviol Glycosides from Stevia Rebaudiana: An Updated Overview of Their Sweetening Activity, Pharmacological Properties, and Safety Aspects. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031258"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1021\/cr970022c","article-title":"Introduction and General Overview of Cyclodextrin Chemistry","volume":"98","author":"Szejtli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.05.032","article-title":"Formulations Based on Alpha Cyclodextrin and Soybean Oil: An Approach to Modulate the Oral Release of Lipophilic Drugs","volume":"161","author":"Hamoudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.55.1620","article-title":"Study on Preparation and Formation Mechanism of N-Alkanol:Water Emulsion Using a-Cyclodextrin","volume":"55","author":"Hashizaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-005X(03)00098-5","article-title":"Oral Behaviour of Food Hydrocolloids and Emulsions. Part 2. Taste and Aroma Release","volume":"17","author":"Malone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Fang, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, W., Xie, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., and Yuan, W. (2017). An Overview of Pickering Emulsions: Solid-Particle Materials, Classification, Morphology, and Applications. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00287"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Carvalho-Guimar\u00e3es, F.B., Correa, K.L., de Souza, T.P., Rodr\u00edguez Amado, J.R., Ribeiro-Costa, R.M., and Silva-J\u00fanior, J.O.C. (2022). A Review of Pickering Emulsions: Perspectives and Applications. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111413"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104419","article-title":"Impact of Pulsation Rate and Viscosity on Taste Perception\u2013Application of a Porous Medium Model for Human Tongue Surface","volume":"134","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ENEURO.0048-23.2023","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0048-23.2023","article-title":"The Antiarrhythmic Drug Flecainide Enhances Aversion to HCl in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Kawabata","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-265355","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Is Specifically Involved in Sweet Taste Transmission","volume":"29","author":"Takai","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912048107","article-title":"Endocannabinoids Selectively Enhance Sweet Taste","volume":"107","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5599-12.2013","article-title":"Angiotensin II Modulates Salty and Sweet Taste Sensitivities","volume":"33","author":"Shigemura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R447","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00729.2002","article-title":"Importance of Lipolysis in Oral Cavity for Orosensory Detection of Fat","volume":"285","author":"Kawai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/28.4.315","article-title":"Mouse Taste Preference Tests: Why Only Two Bottles?","volume":"28","author":"Tordoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"380","article-title":"Measurement of Behavioral Taste Responses in Mice: Two-Bottle Preference, Lickometer, and Conditioned Taste-Aversion Tests","volume":"6","author":"Dany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jadav, M., Pooja, D., Adams, D.J., and Kulhari, H. (2023). Advances in Xanthan Gum-Based Systems for the Delivery of Therapeutic Agents. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020402"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.10.072","article-title":"Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Xanthan Gum-Based Bilayered Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches of Zolmitriptan","volume":"101","author":"Shiledar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.07.019","article-title":"Mucoadhesive Hydrogels for Buccal Drug Delivery: In Vitro-in Vivo Correlation Study","volume":"142","author":"Baus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10847-021-01097-z","article-title":"Cyclodextrin-Based Pickering Emulsions: Functional Properties and Drug Delivery Applications","volume":"101","author":"Jug","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dadou, S., El-Barghouthi, M., Alabdallah, S., Badwan, A., Antonijevic, M., and Chowdhry, B. (2017). Effect of Protonation State and N-Acetylation of Chitosan on Its Interaction with Xanthan Gum: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Mar. Drugs, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/md15100298"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1021\/js9800174","article-title":"Sugar\u2013Polymer Hydrogen Bond Interactions in Lyophilized Amorphous Mixtures","volume":"87","author":"Taylor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.124","article-title":"Efficient Sensing of Saccharin through Interference Synthesis of Gum Ghatti Capped Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"182","author":"Shehala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/1\/98\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:19:39Z","timestamp":1767071979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/1\/98"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18010098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18010098","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]}}}