{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:33:37Z","timestamp":1767332017136,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007137","name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The nutrition support of children with biliary atresia after liver transplant is affected by multiple factors, and a connection between these factors and conditions present before transplant can potentially make the nutrition support more challenging. We aim to assess the adequacy of nutrition support, specifically energy and protein, during the first week of admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in children after liver transplant secondary to biliary atresia. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 138 patients [13.9 median (9\u201333.4) IQR months; 62% female] with a diagnosis of biliary atresia admitted to the PICU after liver transplantation at Texas Children\u2019s Hospital over a 14-year study period. We obtained nutrition adequacy of enteral and parenteral nutrition support for the first week after transplant during their PICU admission. Results: Goal adequacy was reached at the end of the first week of admission when combined enteral and parenteral nutrition support was provided (median 98% for energy and 101% for protein). Infants achieved significantly higher adequacies than older children during the first week (136% &lt; 1 year vs. 0% &gt; 1 year, p &lt; 0.001 for calories, and 157% &lt; 1 year vs. 0% &gt; 1 year for protein; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex nutritional challenges faced by this population, and strategies are needed to meet the unique needs of children after liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18010133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:08:11Z","timestamp":1767190091000},"page":"133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutrition Support Adequacy in Children with Biliary Atresia After Liver Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Knebusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moreshwar S.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2315-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Pearo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Services, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelby","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krupa","family":"Mysore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3852-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Coss-Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24640","article-title":"Biliary Atresia: 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