{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:10:50Z","timestamp":1768036250393,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence on non-restrictive MIND pattern interventions in Alzheimer\u2019s (ALZ) disease remains limited. Methods: In an observational case\u2013control study, 60 participants (ALZ, n = 30; cognitively healthy controls, n = 30) completed baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) after structured MIND counseling. Adherence was assessed via the MEDAS questionnaire. Stool samples (16S rRNA profiling) were taken and anthropometry and cognitive\/functional measures were recorded at T0\/T1. Results: In the ALZ group, MEDAS improved as adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased (increasing the use of vegetables \u2265 2\/day, p &lt; 0.01; and lowering butter adoption \u2264 1\/day, p = 0.02), with a shift from low to moderate\/high adherence; in controls, baseline Mediterranean diet adherence was already high, and changes in MEDAS categories were modest (low adherence from 13.8% to 3.6%, high adherence from 37.9% to 50.0%), with no statistically significant overall change (p = 0.39). Regarding gut microbiota (GM), in the ALZ group, alpha diversity increased significantly and Bray\u2013Curtis PCoA separated T0 from T1. Species-level analysis showed increases in SCFA-linked taxa (e.g., Anaerobutyricum hallii, Blautia luti, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes) and reductions in dysbiosis\/mucin-degrading taxa (e.g., Mediterraneibacter torques, M. gnavus, Agathobacter rectalis). Between-group \u0394(T1 \u2212 T0) comparisons at the genus level indicated larger positive shifts in ALZ for Anaerobutyricum, Oscillibacter, Faecalicatena, Romboutsia, Mediterraneibacter, and Blautia, and more negative \u0394 for Gemmiger, Subdoligranulum, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Collinsella. sPLS-DA showed partial separation (first two components \u2248 9% variance). Conclusions: A structured, non-restrictive MIND intervention was feasible, improved dietary adherence, and accompanied higher diversity and compositional remodeling of the GM in ALZ\u2019s disease. Larger randomized mechanistic studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:46:43Z","timestamp":1767786403000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MIND Pattern Nutritional Intervention Modulates Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: An Observational Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4384-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glauco","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"School of Specialization in Food Science, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7359-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Cardiology, Istituto Dermopatico dell\u2019Immacolata\u2014IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5378-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gambassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2607-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Giambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematopathology Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6674-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Della Morte Canosci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6524-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"De Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Frank, G., Cianci, R., Caldarelli, M., Leggeri, G., Raffaelli, G., Pizzocaro, E., Cirillo, M., and De Lorenzo, A. 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