{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T17:49:46Z","timestamp":1768326586491,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Eating disorders are increasingly diagnosed in young women, particularly during adolescence. The recently described Anorexic Readiness Syndrome (ARS) is more common than full-blown anorexia. It has been identified in female athletes engaging in disciplines focusing on the aesthetics of the body, in women involved in recreational exercise and in those who are not physically active but strive to achieve the \u201cperfect\u201d figure. The study aimed to assess the severity and prevalence of ARS in women regularly engaging in body-shaping physical activity. Methods: The study included 659 women aged \u2265 14 years who engaged in regular body-shaping physical activity, provided informed consent to participate in the study (in the case of minors, also the consent of a parent or legal guardian), and had no diagnosed chronic diseases. The level of ARS was assessed using a questionnaire measuring attitudes toward food, supplemented with a specially designed survey consisting of 32 questions and a personal data form. Based on the frequency of body-shaping physical activity, participants were divided into two groups: the study group comprised women exercising \u2265 3 times per week (n = 301), while women exercising &lt; 3 times per week constituted the control group (n = 358). The analyses examined the relationships between ARS, frequency of body-shaping physical activity, BMI, and menstrual irregularities. Results: Medium or high ARS level was identified in over 96% (n = 637) of the respondents. The level of ARS was significantly related to the allocation into the group (p = 0.034) and the weekly hours of physical activity (p = 0.011 in the control group; p = 0.020 in the study group). There was a correlation between ARS and menstrual irregularities (p = 0.001). Weak but significant correlations were identified for awareness of eating disorders (V = 0.20; p = 0.001), adherence to a special diet (V = 0.18; p &lt; 0.001) and self-assessed health (V = 0.18; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Higher ARS levels were observed in women reporting greater weekly physical activity. No significant associations were found between ARS and body mass index or body weight. Medium and high ARS levels were significantly associated with self-reported menstrual disturbances, while most participants with elevated ARS were unaware of disordered eating risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:09:06Z","timestamp":1767946146000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anorexic Readiness Syndrome in Women Engaging in Body-Shaping Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Walicka-Cupry\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, St. Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"University Centre for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9043-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pelc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, St. Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"University Centre for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wojto\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, St. Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Assessment of anorexia readiness syndrome and body image in female dancers from Poland and Germany","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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