{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:42:18Z","timestamp":1793295738416,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gestational hypertension is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. The DASH diet is designed to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of adherence to the DASH dietary pattern during pregnancy on the incidence of GH. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase were systematically searched. All studies including data on the effect of the DASH diet on GH were included in this review. The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251044348). Results: A total of five studies were included in our study. The meta-analysis reported a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.03 (CI: 0.86\u20131.23) for the effect of the DASH diet on gestational hypertension. In the subgroup analysis for preeclampsia, the overall relative risk estimate was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.60\u20131.02). Both analyses did not yield statistical significance. Conclusions: Current evidence, although showing a favorable trend, does not conclude that the DASH diet reduces the risk of gestational hypertension, as the results did not achieve statistical significance. Although potential benefits have been observed, the limited number of available studies does not allow for definitive conclusions. More randomized and multicenter studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the relationship between the DASH diet and gestational hypertension in order to implement this dietary program instead of general dietary recommendations for GH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:12:04Z","timestamp":1768403524000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of the DASH Diet on the Development of Gestational Hypertension in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Alatsis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3993-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikoleta Aikaterini","family":"Xixi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozeta","family":"Sokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Volaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Styliani","family":"Paliatsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4316-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Iliodromiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8021-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Iacovidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3692-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodora","family":"Boutsikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing Committee Members, Jones, D.W., Ferdinand, K.C., Taler, S.J., Johnson, H.M., Shimbo, D., Abdalla, M., Altieri, M.M., Bansal, N., and Bello, N.A. (2025). 2025 AHA\/ACC\/AANP\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACCP\/ACPM\/AGS\/AMA\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA\/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 152, e114\u2013e218.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001356"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gyselaers, W. (2020). Preeclampsia Is a Syndrome with a Cascade of Pathophysiologic Events. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072245"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000208","article-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Blood Pressure Goals, and Pharmacotherapy","volume":"79","author":"Garovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e945628","article-title":"A Review of the Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Role of Angiogenetic Factors in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","volume":"31","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.033","article-title":"Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes among Women with Gestational Hypertension, Mild Preeclampsia, and Mild Chronic Hypertension","volume":"205","author":"Cruz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14621","article-title":"Folic Acid Supplement Use and Increased Risk of Gestational Hypertension","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2024.127528","article-title":"Association between Iron Status, Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.02.001","article-title":"Vitamin D Status and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Burris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larson, E.A., Magkos, F., Zingenberg, H., Svare, J., Astrup, A., and Geiker, N.R.W. (2023). A High Protein Low Glycemic Index Diet Has No Adverse Effect on Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1289395"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00826.x","article-title":"Relationship between High Consumption of Marine Fatty Acids in Early Pregnancy and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy","volume":"113","author":"Olafsdottir","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waksma\u0144ska, W., Bobi\u0144ski, R., Ulman-W\u0142odarz, I., and Pielesz, A. (2020). The Differences in the Consumption of Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates in the Diet of Pregnant Women Diagnosed with Arterial Hypertension or Arterial Hypertension and Hypothyroidism. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2711-y"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.102475","article-title":"Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns and Risk of Developing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women\u2019s Health11","volume":"102","author":"Schoenaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2025, April 27). DASH Eating Plan, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/education\/DASH-eating-plan."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"340","article-title":"The DASH Diet and Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"Azadbakht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026684","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026684","article-title":"Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet on Change in Cardiac Biomarkers Over Time: Results From the DASH-Sodium Trial","volume":"12","author":"Belanger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.11.020","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect of DASH Diet on Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Gestational Diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Asemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102551","article-title":"Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) on Pregnancy\/Neonatal Outcomes and Maternal Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Grainger, N.H.M. (2025, May 31). PRISMA2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.eshackathon.org\/software\/PRISMA2020.html."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Wells, G.A., Shea, B., O\u2019Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., and Tugwell, P. (2025, May 07). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. Available online: http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221110527","article-title":"Fixed-Effect vs Random-Effects Models for Meta-Analysis: 3 Points to Consider","volume":"12","author":"Dettori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Schwarzer, G. (2024, November 01). Meta: General Package for Meta-Analysis. Version 2025, 8. R package, 1\u20130. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/meta\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa214","article-title":"Prepregnancy Adherence to Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Relation to Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"Arvizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab145","article-title":"Healthy Dietary Patterns and Common Pregnancy Complications: A Prospective and Longitudinal Study","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017503","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017503","article-title":"Associations of DASH Diet in Early Pregnancy with Blood Pressure Patterns, Placental Hemodynamics, and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders","volume":"10","author":"Wiertsema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz197","article-title":"Sodium Intake during Pregnancy, but Not Other Diet Recommendations Aimed at Preventing Cardiovascular Disease, Is Positively Related to Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Arvizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"dos Santos, K., Rosado, E.L., da Fonseca, A.C.P., Belfort, G.P., da Silva, L.B.G., Ribeiro-Alves, M., Zembrzuski, V.M., Campos, M., Zajdenverg, L., and Drehmer, M. (2023). A Pilot Study of Dietetic, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Features Influencing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051104"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.30699\/jogcr.8.5.438","article-title":"Investigating Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) on Pregnancy Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Chronic and Gestational Hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Najafian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12654","article-title":"The Efficacy of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet with Respect to Improving Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Hypertensive Disorders","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.12.009","article-title":"LB 2: Impact of a Weight Management Intervention on Pregnancy Outcomes among Obese Women: The Healthy Moms Trial","volume":"208","author":"Vesco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-017-0068-8","article-title":"Associations of the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet with Pregnancy Complications in Project Viva","volume":"72","author":"Fulay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_89_22","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nutritional Interventions to Prevent of Gestational Hypertension or\/and Preeclampsia among Healthy Pregnant Women","volume":"28","author":"Imanpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/2\/268\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:18:11Z","timestamp":1768403891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/2\/268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18020268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18020268","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}}}