{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:37:34Z","timestamp":1787877454203,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["1 U54 GM104940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 U54 GM104940"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32DK064584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK064584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK121944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK121944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Limited information exists on how dietary patterns change in adults who experience weight regain vs. those who maintain weight loss after lifestyle interventions. Methods: Five hundred fifty-two adults (60 \u00b1 1.0 years, 33.8 \u00b1 0.4 kg\/m2) with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Look AHEAD Trial achieved \u2265 7% weight loss after Year 1, completed follow-up visits through Year 4, and provided three 134-item food frequency questionnaires. Weight \u201cregain\u201d (WLR) was defined as regaining \u2265 50% of the initial weight lost. Dietary patterns were determined using established DASH diet scores (scale: 0\u20139) and principal component analysis (PCA; higher scores = more adherent). Repeated measures linear mixed models assessed group and sex differences in dietary patterns. Results: Dietary patterns were similar between groups during weight loss (baseline to Year 1). WLR DASH scores decreased more from Year 1 to Year 4 compared to \u201cmaintain\u201d (WLM) (WLR: Y1: 5.66 \u00b1 0.14, Y4: 4.60 \u00b1 0.14; WLM: Y1: 5.49 \u00b1 0.13, Y4: 4.92 \u00b1 0.13; difference-p &lt; 0.01). Of the two PCA-derived dietary patterns, Pattern 1 (vegetable, fruit, and fish) decreased more in WLR (WLR: Y1: 0.12 \u00b1 0.16, Y4: \u22120.14 \u00b1 0.16, WLM: Y1: 0.06 \u00b1 0.14, Y4: 0.25 \u00b1 0.15; difference-p &lt; 0.01), while Pattern 2 (low-fiber grains and high-fat animal proteins) increased in WLR (WLR: Y1: 0.40 \u00b1 0.11, Y4: 0.61 \u00b1 0.11, WLM: Y1: 0.34 \u00b1 0.10, Y4: 0.21 \u00b1 0.10, difference-p &lt; 0.01). Sex differences showed that only WLR women and WLM men increased sweets from Y1 to Y4 (WLR women Y1: 0.26 \u00b1 0.04, Y4: 0.41 \u00b1 0.04; p &lt; 0.01; WLM men: Y1: 0.23 \u00b1 0.04, Y4: 0.38 \u00b1 0.04; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that differences in dietary patterns between WLR and WLM emerge after the initial weight loss intervention with some sex differences. This suggests that longer-term shifts in dietary patterns after lifestyle interventions may influence weight loss maintenance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:02:07Z","timestamp":1768914127000},"page":"327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary Patterns During Weight Loss Maintenance vs. Weight Regain: A Secondary Analysis of the Look AHEAD Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Catherine","family":"Prater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Researcher Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank L.","family":"Greenway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Researcher Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Researcher Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066254","article-title":"Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects","volume":"357","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. 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