{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:10Z","timestamp":1787029210095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) exhibit a range of biological activities; however, their limited natural abundance and high cost have constrained in vivo research. Lanolin represents a promising source for enriching BCFAs. Nevertheless, the in vivo application, safety, and dose-effect relationship of BCFAs derived from lanolin (BCFAs-DFL) remain unassessed. Methods: In this study, the acute toxicity in C57BL\/6J mice was first evaluated for 7 days by a single oral administration of 5000 mg\/kg BW of BCFAs-DFL. Subsequently, 40 mice were divided into four groups (control group, low dose of 100 mg\/kg BW, medium dose of 300 mg\/kg BW, and high dose of 600 mg\/kg BW) and were continuously administered by gavage for 28 days to study the effects of BCFAs-DFL on the growth, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora of the mice. Results: In the acute toxicity test, BCFAs-DFL exhibited no lethality or abnormalities in mice, indicating its non-toxic nature. Throughout the 28-day trial, mice in the medium- and high-dose groups experienced a notable decrease in average daily feed intake (p &lt; 0.05), yet their weight gain remained unaffected (p &gt; 0.05). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels declined in the high-dose group (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, serum aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels escalated in the medium- and high-dose groups, while triglycerides and urea nitrogen levels decreased (p &lt; 0.05). The serum\u2019s total antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG) rose in proportion to the dosage (p &lt; 0.05). BCFAs-DFL notably enhanced the villus height of the jejunum and ileum in mice (p &lt; 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis indicated no significant impact on overall \u03b1 and \u03b2 diversity. Conclusions: The 28-day intervention revealed that BCFAs-DFL can modulate feeding behavior, TG, T-AOC, and immunoglobulin levels in mice. Additionally, it promotes the development of intestinal villi. Based on various indicators, a dosage of 100 mg\/kg BW effectively induces beneficial metabolic regulation, such as the reduction of triglycerides, without causing a burden on liver metabolism. This dosage may represent a more suitable application for potential use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:58:40Z","timestamp":1769180320000},"page":"351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Safety Evaluation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Derived from Lanolin and Its Effects on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Dairy Industry Association, Harbin 150020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511356, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Dairy Industry Association, Harbin 150020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangshu","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1128\/br.41.2.391-418.1977","article-title":"Fatty acids of the genus Bacillus: An example of branched-chain preference","volume":"41","author":"Kaneda","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bacteriol. 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