{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:48:59Z","timestamp":1790203739324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007045","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-S-21433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-21433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007045","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBF2023-2024-190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF2023-2024-190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DGAPA\/UNAM","award":["IN202725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN202725"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and neuroprotection therapies, or those that increase recovery, are not available. While the garlic-derived bioactive compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC) has shown neuroprotective properties, its subacute long-term effects remain underexplored, particularly in females. Methods: We evaluated whether SAC supports functional recovery after ischemia\/reperfusion (IR), focusing on neurotrophin signaling, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Adult female Wistar rats underwent 1 h of ischemia and 15 days of reperfusion. SAC (100 mg\/kg, i.p.) was administered at the onset of reperfusion and daily for 15 days. Motor and cognitive deficit tests were performed. Infarct area, Ki67, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), pTrkB, pAKT, and pERK levels were quantified in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Results: MicroPET analysis revealed comparable glucose uptake between the IR and IR + SAC groups, indicating similar ischemic severity. SAC reduced infarct area (54.7%) and significantly improved motor deficits (53.9%), circling behavior (38.9%), and long-term memory compared with ischemia\/reperfusion (IR) animals. SAC increased the proportion of Ki67-positive cells (4.3-fold in the cortex and 1.8-fold in the striatum) and enhanced neurotrophin levels, NGF (cortex), BDNF (cortex and striatum), VEGF (striatum), pTrkB, pAKT, and pERK (cortex and striatum). Conclusions: SAC supports post-ischemic recovery, improving motor performance and preserving long-term recognition memory, effects that could be associated with increased cell proliferation, neurotrophin levels, and activation of the TrkB, AKT, and ERK pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:52:38Z","timestamp":1769190758000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Garlic-Derived S-allylcysteine Improves Functional Recovery and Neurotrophin Signaling After Brain Ischemia in Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7016-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Bautista-Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Silva-Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Patolog\u00eda Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9156-2161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-del-Carmen","family":"Cardenas-Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5097-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obed-Ricardo","family":"Lora-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-del-Carmen","family":"Silva-Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7089-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Avenda\u00f1o-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Radiofarmacia-Ciclotr\u00f3n, Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados Sede Sur, Mexico City 14330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3060-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"\u00c1vila-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Radiofarmacia-Ciclotr\u00f3n, Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados Sede Sur, Mexico City 14330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6635-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Lara-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Patolog\u00eda Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogelio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Patolog\u00eda Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Menes-Arzate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pedraza-Chaverri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7701-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Aparicio-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiopatolog\u00eda Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 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Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Barrera-Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perla","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio Patolog\u00eda Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241308142","article-title":"World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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