{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:46:06Z","timestamp":1781534766197,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Research has shown that disordered eating behaviors\u2014including binge eating, night eating syndrome, and food addiction\u2014contribute to the heterogeneity of obesity and assist in phenotyping patients for more tailored interventions. The Eating Behavior Assessment for Obesity (EBA-O) is a recently developed 18-item questionnaire that assesses five pathological eating-behavior domains among individuals with obesity (night eating, food addiction, sweet eating, hyperphagia, and binge eating). The present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Persian (Farsi) version of the EBA-O. Methods: The original English EBA-O was translated into Persian following a standardized forward\u2013backward translation procedure, with cultural adaptations implemented to ensure linguistic accuracy and conceptual clarity. A cross-sectional sample of 278 Iranian adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] \u2265 25 kg\/m2) completed the Persian EBA-O. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to verify the five-factor model in the Persian sample. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach\u2019s alpha and composite reliability (CR). Convergent validity was assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity was examined with the Heterotrait\u2013Monotrait ratio (HTMT). Model fit indices, including the Comparative Fit Index [CFI], Tucker\u2013Lewis Index [TLI], Normed Fit Index [NFI], Goodness-of-Fit Index [GFI], the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual [SRMR] and relative chi-square value [\u03c72\/df] were used to determine the adequacy of the factor structure. Results: The Persian EBA-O demonstrated a clear and stable five-factor structure consistent with the original instrument. CFA indicated good model fit (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, NFI = 0.91, GFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.05, \u03c72\/df = 1.94), confirming the presence of the intended domains. Internal consistency was acceptable to high across all subscales (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.78\u20130.86; CR &gt; 0.70), and the total scale showed strong reliability. Three of the five factors demonstrated acceptable convergent validity (AVE = 0.54\u20130.68), while Food Addiction (AVE = 0.46) and Night Eating (AVE = 0.43) fell slightly below the 0.50 threshold; however, their adequate CR and \u03b1 values indicate that these constructs remain coherent and psychometrically sound. All inter-factor correlations satisfied discriminant validity criteria (HTMT &lt; 0.90), with the highest association observed between the Binge Eating and Hyperphagia factors. Overall, the psychometric properties of the Persian EBA-O were comparable to those reported in the original validation and subsequent translations. Conclusions: The Persian version of the EBA-O is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pathological eating behaviors among individuals with obesity. It preserves the original questionnaire\u2019s five-factor structure and demonstrates acceptable internal consistency and construct validity in a Persian-speaking population. This validated tool will support both clinical assessment and research on eating-behavior phenotypes and may contribute to the development of more personalized and effective obesity-management strategies among Persian-speaking individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:19:38Z","timestamp":1769761178000},"page":"454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the Iranian Version of the Eating Behavior Assessment Questionnaire for Obesity (EBA-O) in Adults with Obesity and Overweight"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2443-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Mohamadinarab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atoosa","family":"Saidpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pegah","family":"Rahbarinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir Saeed","family":"Yekaninejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh Sadat","family":"Hosseinian Ghamsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Rania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit, Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Segura-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolreza","family":"Norouzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Safarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02750-2","article-title":"Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"403","author":"Phelps","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.56397\/JIMR\/2023.03.04","article-title":"Obesity and its related diseases: A new escalating alarming in global health","volume":"2","author":"Mohajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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