{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1787029294430,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The common fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variant rs9939609 has been linked to elevated risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eating and sleeping windows gained clinical interest as factors in weight maintenance and have been linked to T2DM risk. Objective: To study the association and interaction between the common FTO rs9939609 variant and eating and sleeping windows to affect T2DM risk in a large community cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 12,254 adult participants. Genetic, anthropometric, and lifestyle behaviors data including eating and fasting windows were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models, as well as chi-square tests, were applied under additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models (adjusted for age, sex, and BMI). Results: Significant associations between FTO rs9939609 x eating and sleeping window interactions were demonstrated in relation to T2DM risk. Longer eating windows and later last meal timing were associated with an increased risk for T2DM under the additive model (OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 1.002\u20131.055, and OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 1.012\u20131.122, respectively), while longer fasting windows were found to be protective under additive model (OR = 0.972, 95% CI = 0.947\u20130.998). Later bedtime onset was associated with an increased risk for T2DM under additive model (OR = 1.101, 95% CI = 1.005\u20131.220). Hours of night sleep significantly interacted with FTO rs9939609 under additive genetic model. FTO rs9939609 risk allele carriers with prolonged sleeping windows (OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.039\u20131.354) and poorer sleeping quality (OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.038\u20131.354) had increased risk of T2DM. Conclusions: Eating and fasting windows, late last meal timing, hours of night sleep, late bedtime onset, and poorer sleep quality are significantly associated with T2DM risk among FTO rs9939609 risk carriers and may reflect metabolic vulnerability associated with FTO risk alleles. These findings highlight potential behavioral modification to attenuate genetic risk and provide evidence for actionable prevention strategies in genetically predisposed populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1770041566000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Common FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism Interacts with Sleeping and Eating Windows to Affect Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5633-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libi","family":"Kazarnovsky Nahshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1727-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danyel","family":"Chermon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). The Effectiveness of Different Diet Strategies to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Youth. Available online: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/8\/8\/486.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080486"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lifestyle and genetics in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"120","author":"Stefanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlAnazi, M.M., Ventura, E.F., Lovegrove, J.A., and Vimaleswaran, K.S. (2024). A Systematic Review of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Arab Populations. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152519"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00339-5","article-title":"Dissection of type 2 diabetes: A genetic perspective","volume":"13","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf084","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to adiposity, and type 2 diabetes: The role of lifestyle and phenotypic adiposity","volume":"192","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanghera, D.K., Ortega, L., Han, S., Singh, J., Ralhan, S.K., Wander, G.S., Mehra, N.K., Mulvihill, J.J., E Ferrell, R., and Nath, S.K. (2008). Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTO variants confer a significant risk. BMC Med. Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-9-59"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141634","article-title":"A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity","volume":"316","author":"Frayling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147791","article-title":"FTO gene variants (rs9939609, rs8050136 and rs17817449) and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"887","author":"Zouine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.120","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Zeggini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinney, A., Nguyen, T.T., Scherag, A., Friedel, S., Br\u00f6nner, G., M\u00fcller, T.D., Grallert, H., Illig, T., Wichmann, H.-E., and Rief, W. (2007). Genome Wide Association (GWA) Study for Early Onset Extreme Obesity Supports the Role of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) Variants. PLoS ONE, 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001361"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.227","article-title":"The bigger picture of FTO\u2014The first GWAS-identified obesity gene","volume":"10","author":"Loos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13138","article-title":"Obesity-associated variants within FTO form long-range functional connections with IRX3","volume":"507","author":"Smemo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22301","article-title":"The Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene to Obesity: Lessons from Mouse Models","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911591107","article-title":"Long-range gene regulation links genomic type 2 diabetes and obesity risk regions to HHEX, SOX4, and IRX3","volume":"107","author":"Ragvin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Liu, B., Xia, W., Yan, J., Liu, H.Y., Hu, L., and Liu, S.-M. (2017). FTO Genotype and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Spatial Analysis and Meta-Analysis of 62 Case-Control Studies from Different Regions. Genes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8020070"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160517","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI160517","article-title":"FTO fuels diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with inflammation by erasing m6A methylation of TNIP1","volume":"133","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122421","article-title":"Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is essential for insulin secretion and \u03b2-cell function: In vitro studies using INS-1 cells and human pancreatic islets","volume":"339","author":"Taneera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0281","article-title":"FTO Is Increased in Muscle During Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Overexpression in Myotubes Alters Insulin Signaling, Enhances Lipogenesis and ROS Production, and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction","volume":"60","author":"Bravard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53820-2","article-title":"An obesogenic FTO allele causes accelerated development, growth and insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells","volume":"16","author":"Guang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chermon, D., and Birk, R. (2022). FTO Common Obesity SNPs Interact with Actionable Environmental Factors: Physical Activity, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Wine Consumption. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194202"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0948","article-title":"Lifestyle interaction with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype and risk of obesity in apparently healthy U.S. women","volume":"34","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-2078","article-title":"Physical Activity and Insulin Sensitivity Independently Attenuate the Effect of FTO rs9939609 on Obesity","volume":"46","author":"Andersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0910","article-title":"Low physical activity accentuates the effect of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on body fat accumulation","volume":"57","author":"Andreasen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.153460","article-title":"High dietary saturated fat intake accentuates obesity risk associated with the fat mass and obesity-associated gene in adults","volume":"142","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.01.001","article-title":"Associations Between rs9939609 FTO Polymorphism with Nutrient and Food Intake and Adherence to Dietary Patterns in an Urban Argentinian Population","volume":"124","author":"Olmedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000617","article-title":"Gene-diet interaction of FTO-rs9939609 gene variant and hypocaloric diet on glycemic control in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"133","author":"Parastouei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2025.104970","article-title":"m6A demethylase FTO\/ALKBH5 promotes diabetes-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by negatively regulating lncRNA H19","volume":"143","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.026","article-title":"RNA-methylation-dependent RNA processing controls the speed of the circadian clock","volume":"155","author":"Fustin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.028","article-title":"m(6)A mRNA methylation: A new circadian pacesetter","volume":"155","author":"Hastings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tung, Y.C.L., Ayuso, E., Shan, X., Bosch, F., O\u2019Rahilly, S., Coll, A.P., and Yeo, G.S.H. (2010). Hypothalamic-Specific Manipulation of Fto, the Ortholog of the Human Obesity Gene FTO, Affects Food Intake in Rats. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008771"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olszewski, P.K., Fredriksson, R., Olszewska, A.M., Stephansson, O., Alsi\u00f6, J., Radomska, K.J., Levine, A.S., and Schi\u00f6th, H.B. (2009). Hypothalamic FTO is associated with the regulation of energy intake not feeding reward. BMC Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-129"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44403","article-title":"A link between FTO, ghrelin, and impaired brain food-cue responsivity","volume":"123","author":"Karra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101788","article-title":"The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism","volume":"69","author":"Darimont","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0314","article-title":"Association of sleep and circadian patterns and genetic risk with incident type 2 diabetes: A large prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, T., Oh, H., Kim, A., and Oh, Y. (2025). Time-Restricted Eating Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157310"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knutson, K.L., Dixon, D.D., Grandner, M.A., Jackson, C.L., Kline, C.E., Maher, L., Makarem, N., Martino, T.A., St-Onge, M.-P., and Johnson, D.A. (2025, November 18). Role of Circadian Health in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, Available online: https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001388.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001388"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024). 3. Prevention or Delay of Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care, 48, S50\u2013S58.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S003"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15744-4","article-title":"Excessive fuel availability amplifies the FTO-mediated obesity risk: Results from the TUEF and Whitehall II studies","volume":"7","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, C., and Czaja, K. (2023). Can Circadian Eating Pattern Adjustments Reduce Risk or Prevent Development of T2D?. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071762"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.469","article-title":"Meta-analysis added power to identify variants in FTO associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Asian population","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8026","article-title":"Association Between Late Bedtime and Diabetes Mellitus: A Large Community-Based Study","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2025, December 07). Complex Physiology and Clinical Implications of Time-Restricted Eating\u2014PMC, Available online: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9423781\/."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1340","article-title":"FTO, type 2 diabetes, and weight gain throughout adult life: A meta-analysis of 41,504 subjects from the Scandinavian HUNT, MDC, and MPP studies","volume":"60","author":"Hertel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabarneh, A., Ereqat, S., Cauchi, S., AbuShamma, O., Abdelhafez, M., Ibrahim, M., and Nasereddin, A. (2018). Common FTO rs9939609 variant and risk of type 2 diabetes in Palestine. BMC Med. Genet., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-018-0668-8"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.06.005","article-title":"FTO gene polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs17817449) as predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in obese Iraqi population","volume":"627","author":"Younus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2370-7","article-title":"Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raji, O.E., Kyeremah, E.B., Sears, D.D., St-Onge, M.P., and Makarem, N. (2024). Chrononutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: An Overview of Epidemiological Evidence and Key Future Research Directions. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142332"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsz090","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz090","article-title":"Habitual late sleep initiation is associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study","volume":"42","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1221","article-title":"Skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides in insulin resistance: Another paradox in endurance-trained athletes?","volume":"60","author":"Amati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21611","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100143R","article-title":"Circadian misalignment disturbs the skeletal muscle lipidome in healthy young men","volume":"35","author":"Harmsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.J., Lee, H.S., Kim, Y.K., Park, S., Kim, J.M., Yun, J.H., Yu, H.-Y., and Kim, B.-J. (2016). Association of Metabolites with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Based on FTO Genotype. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156612"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"5573","article-title":"RS9939609 FTO gene variant modified weight loss and insulin resistance after a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet","volume":"24","author":"Izaola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447422","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2447422","article-title":"Sleep features and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.11.001","article-title":"Association between long sleep duration and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: A review of possible mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106860","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in lean Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes: Role of FTO and TNF genetic variants","volume":"136","author":"Vo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2412895121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2412895121","article-title":"Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep assessments revealed by in-home electroencephalography during real-world sleep","volume":"122","author":"Masaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0368-x","article-title":"Human milk as \u201cchrononutrition\u201d: Implications for child health and development","volume":"85","author":"Saxbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx081","article-title":"The role of early life growth development, the FTO gene and exclusive breastfeeding on child BMI trajectories","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrag\u00e1n, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Carri\u00f3n, R., Asensio-M\u00e1rquez, E.M., Ortega-Azor\u00edn, C., \u00c1lvarez-Sala, A., P\u00e9rez-Fidalgo, A., Sorl\u00ed, J.V., Portol\u00e9s, O., Gonz\u00e1lez-Monje, I., and St-Onge, M.P. (2023). Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030708"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/3\/472\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:21:50Z","timestamp":1770042110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/3\/472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18030472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18030472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}}}