{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:00:24Z","timestamp":1790596824942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["503\/2-148-08\/503-21-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/2-148-08\/503-21-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble steroid essential for bone metabolism, immune modulation, and inflammation control, all critical for periodontal health. Its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in periodontal cells, including periodontal ligament stromal cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and macrophages, enhancing osteogenesis, antimicrobial defenses, and anti-inflammatory responses. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that adequate systemic vitamin D3 levels and local activation in gingival tissues improve outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies, reducing probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival inflammation. Dose-dependent supplementation shows greater clinical efficacy, and emerging evidence supports potential topical applications. This review integrates molecular mechanisms with clinical findings, highlighting the therapeutic potential of vitamin D3 in periodontal disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18040577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:16:08Z","timestamp":1770801368000},"page":"577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Vitamin D3 in Periodontal Health: Implications for Bone Metabolism, Immune Modulation and Inflammation Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Moszura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Association at the Department of Oral Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6014-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gawlak-Socka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Association at the Department of Oral Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Student Scientific Association at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"P\u0119ksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Association at the Department of Oral Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6619-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Bielecka-Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"K\u0142osek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4pelt, R.B., and Jakobsen, J. 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