{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:22:14Z","timestamp":1787858534014,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Luxembourg National Research Fund","award":["PRIDE\/11823097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIDE\/11823097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease affecting about 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women. Its treatment has been improved greatly over the past 30 years but there is no definitive cure available, and another unmet need exists for transitional hormonal stages such as pregnancy or menopause, which spurs the need to research new therapy options. In recent years, dietary interventions, particularly fasting and plant-based nutrition, have gained attention for their potential to alleviate RA symptoms. Fasting has been shown to reduce systemic inflammation, promote autophagy, and modulate immune cell activity, possibly leading to decreased joint pain and swelling. Nutritional strategies, such as anti-inflammatory and plant-based diets, have been shown to impact the gut microbiome and potentially support weight management, improve metabolic health, and reduce oxidative stress, all of which might contribute to better RA disease outcomes. Although the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, these approaches offer promising complementary strategies for enhancing RA management and improving patients\u2019 quality of life. This review explores the preventive and therapeutic potential of fasting and nutrition in RA, and their possible application in the context of hormonal fluctuations and transitional stages during a women\u2019s life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18040580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:16:08Z","timestamp":1770801368000},"page":"580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fasting and Nutrition as Promising Treatment Strategies for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Transitional Hormonal Stages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9r\u00e9nice","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Alvanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier du Nord, 120 Av. Lucien Salentiny, 9080 Ettelbruck, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Angeliki S.","family":"Pavlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Wilmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen G.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31116-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (SELECT-BEYOND): A double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"391","author":"Genovese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003918","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003918","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response or intolerance to biological treatments: Results through 5 years from the SELECT-BEYOND study","volume":"10","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.043","article-title":"A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility","volume":"167","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budreviciute, A., Damiati, S., Sabir, D.K., Onder, K., Schuller-Goetzburg, P., Plakys, G., Katileviciute, A., Khoja, S., and Kodzius, R. 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