{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:03:41Z","timestamp":1791821021912,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sarcopenia is a prevalent age-related condition strongly influenced by protein intake. This study assessed the quality, evidence base, and practical utility of YouTube videos on nutrition and sarcopenia. Methods: A structured YouTube search (We searched YouTube in April 2024 using the term \u2018sarcopenia diet) identified 41 eligible videos. Three trained raters independently assessed each video using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), DISCERN, JAMA benchmarks, subjective impression ratings, technical quality indicators, and additional binary variables. Interrater reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Fleiss\u2019 Kappa. Reviewer comments were analyzed qualitatively using Mayring\u2019s structured content analysis. Results: Overall video quality varied substantially. ICCs indicated moderate to high agreement for DISCERN (0.698), JAMA (0.702), and subjective impression ratings (0.779), but minimal agreement for sound and video quality. Fleiss\u2019 Kappa showed moderate agreement for scientific soundness (\u03ba = 0.522) and advertisement content (\u03ba = 0.385), while agreement was low for health-related risks and dietary recommendations. Qualitative analysis identified frequent concerns regarding insufficient scientific evidence, vague or impractical protein guidance, limited relevance for older adults, and personal bias; positive features were less common. Conclusions: YouTube nutrition content on sarcopenia shows substantial variability and frequent deficits in evidence-based quality and practical relevance. While some videos provide useful introductory information, many are of limited value for lay audiences. Strengthening digital health literacy and expanding expert-driven, evidence-based online resources are essential to support informed decision-making and preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18040619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:09:32Z","timestamp":1770998972000},"page":"619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sarcopenia and Nutrition on YouTube: A Content Quality and Reliability Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5118-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Trost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Teaching Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Crevenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Heisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Br\u00fcder Eisenstadt, 7000 Eisenstadt, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenik","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, University Hospital Neunkirchen, 2620 Neunkirchen, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omanda AG, 3072 Ostermundigen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Marchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine, Zentrum f\u00fcr Experimentelle und Ultraschallgest\u00fctzte Studien, Federal Clinic Baden-M\u00f6dling, 2340 Baden-Modling, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Heisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00327-w","article-title":"Is YouTube a quality source of information on sarcopenia?","volume":"11","author":"Akyol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Sayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.08.015","article-title":"The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia","volume":"118","author":"Robinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155637","article-title":"Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia","volume":"146","author":"Calvani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadopoulou, S.K. (2020). Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051293"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511500422X","article-title":"Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia","volume":"75","author":"Bosaeus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogeri, P.S., Zanella, R., Martins, G.L., Garcia, M.D.A., Leite, G., Lugaresi, R., Gasparini, S.O., Sperandio, G.A., Ferreira, L.H.B., and Souza-Junior, T.P. (2021). Strategies to Prevent Sarcopenia in the Aging Process: Role of Protein Intake and Exercise. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010052"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchitomi, R., Oyabu, M., and Kamei, Y. (2020). Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcopenia Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103189"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganapathy, A., and Nieves, J.W. (2020). Nutrition and Sarcopenia\u2014What Do We Know?. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061755"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida, S., Shiraishi, R., Nakayama, Y., and Taira, Y. (2023). Can Nutrition Contribute to a Reduction in Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Comorbidities in a Super-Aged Society?. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.2095.v1"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035","article-title":"Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise","volume":"132","author":"Nascimento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Xu, X., Gao, S., Wu, C., Song, Q., Shi, Z., Su, J., and Zang, J. (2022). Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122458"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, Y., Shimizu, Y., Soma, Y., Matsuda, T., Hada, Y., and Koda, M. (2024). Effectiveness of a Remote Monitoring-Based Home Training System for Preventing Frailty in Older Adults in Japan: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial. Geriatrics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics9010020"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-04413-0","article-title":"YouTube as a source of patient information for ankylosing spondylitis exercises","volume":"38","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105","article-title":"DISCERN: An instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices","volume":"53","author":"Charnock","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative Content Analysis. Forum Qual. Sozialforschung\/Forum Qual. Soc. Res., 1."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, X., Pang, Y., and Liu, L.S. (2021). Online Health Information Seeking Behavior: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9121740"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12192","article-title":"Consumer health information seeking in social media: A literature review","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Inf. Libr. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70379","DOI":"10.2196\/70379","article-title":"Exploring Online Health Information\u2013Seeking Behavior Among Young Adults: Scoping Review","volume":"27","author":"Stifjell","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-025-01600-w","article-title":"Exploring vegetarian diets: Health benefits, nutritional considerations, and implications for athletic performance","volume":"22","author":"Monda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sport Sci. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heisinger, S., Huber, D., Matzner, M.P., Hasenoehrl, T., Palma, S., Sternik, J., Trost, C., Treiber, M., Crevenna, R., and Grohs, J.G. (2021). Online Videos as a Source of Physiotherapy Exercise Tutorials for Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation\u2014A Quality Assessment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115815"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundell, E., W\u00e5ngdahl, J., and Grauman, \u00c5. (2022). Health literacy and digital health information-seeking behavior\u2014A cross-sectional study among highly educated Swedes. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14751-z"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira Collet, G., de Morais Ferreira, F., Ceron, D.F., de Lourdes Calvo Fracasso, M., and Santin, G.C. (2024). Influence of digital health literacy on online health-related behaviors influenced by internet advertising. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19506-6"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/4\/619\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1770999453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/4\/619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18040619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18040619","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]}}}