{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:29:52Z","timestamp":1788640192063,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objetives: Menopause increases anxiety and depression risk, linked to gut microbiota changes. Probiotics show psychobiotic effects that could therapeutically alleviate these symptoms in menopausal women. However, this potential and its mechanism of action involving estrogen receptors remain largely unexplored. To investigate whether Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14\u00ae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1\u00ae exert anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in ovariectomized rats via estrogenic receptor (ER) activation. Methods: Ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: vehicle, probiotics (4.9 \u00d7 109), 17\u03b2-estradiol (0.09 mg\/kg), and their combination. All treatments were administered for 28 days. Three additional groups (probiotics and 17\u03b2-estradiol) received tamoxifen (5 mg\/kg) to block estrogen receptors. The elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and forced swim test (FST) were conducted to evaluate anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: In the EPM, all active treatments enhanced open-arm exploration and reduced the anxiety index compared to the vehicle and tamoxifen groups. Similarly, in the FST, these treatments increased swimming behavior and decreased immobility regarding the same control groups. The anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of all treatments were reverted by tamoxifen. No significant changes were observed in the OFT. Conclusions: The combination of probiotics and 17\u03b2-estradiol produces anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like behavioral effects in this preclinical model, suggesting potential relevance for menopause-related affective symptoms by acting via estrogen receptors and the possible participation of serotonergic pathways. These preliminary findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation through long-term preclinical studies and carefully designed clinical trials before any therapeutic recommendations can be made regarding the use of probiotics for menopause-related affective symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18050713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:19:23Z","timestamp":1771935563000},"page":"713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Combination of Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14\u00ae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1\u00ae Induces Anxiolytic-like and Antidepressant-like Effects via Estrogenic Receptors in Ovariectomized Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gilberto-Uriel","family":"Rosas-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Estancias Posdoctorales por M\u00e9xico, Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9185-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le\u00f3n Jes\u00fas","family":"Germ\u00e1n-Ponciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda, Instituto de Neuroetolog\u00eda, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-103X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda, Instituto de Neuroetolog\u00eda, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7505-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herlinda","family":"Bonilla-Jaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Conductual, Departamento Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, D.C.B.S. Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3688-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofelia","family":"Lim\u00f3n-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Conductual, Departamento Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, D.C.B.S. Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-1566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Estancias Posdoctorales por M\u00e9xico, Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Soria-Fregozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Anxiety in natural and surgical menopause: Physiologic and therapeutic bases","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fresh Look Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"9073816","article-title":"The phytoestrogen genistein produces similar effects as 17\u03b2-estradiol on anxiety-like behavior in rats at 12 weeks after ovariectomy","volume":"2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. 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