{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T20:22:49Z","timestamp":1784319769509,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gerencia Regional of the Junta of Castilla and Le\u00f3n","award":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"]}]},{"name":"Gerencia Regional of the Junta of Castilla and Le\u00f3n","award":["GRS2303\/B\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS2303\/B\/21"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INT\/M\/02\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/02\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INT\/M\/04\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/04\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032379","name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IBI21\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBI21\/00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INT22\/00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT22\/00007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence from prospective studies on the relationship of the dietary vitamin intake and the progression of central and peripheral arterial stiffness remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary vitamin intake with the changes in central and peripheral arterial stiffness over a five-year follow-up in adults without previous cardiovascular disease. Methods: This five-year longitudinal study included 466 participants from the EVA study who were evaluated at baseline and follow-up (mean age 55.96 \u00b1 14.15 years; 51.1% women). Central arterial stiffness was assessed using carotid\u2013femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and peripheral arterial stiffness was measured using brachial\u2013ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Dietary vitamin intake was estimated using the EVIDENT smartphone application, developed and validated by CGB and the Salamanca Primary Care (APISAL; registration number 00\/2014\/2207). Results: In multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and cardiovascular risk factors, greater increases in cfPWV were inversely associated with vitamin B9 (folate) intake (\u03b2 = \u22120.233; 95% CI: \u22120.390 to \u22120.075) and vitamin C intake (\u03b2 = \u22120.291; 95% CI: \u22120.507 to \u22120.075). Similarly, increases in baPWV were inversely associated with vitamin B9 intake (\u03b2 = \u22120.156; 95% CI: \u22120.287 to \u22120.025) and vitamin C intake (\u03b2 = \u22120.223; 95%CI: \u22120.402 to \u22120.044). Conclusions: The progression of central and peripheral arterial stiffness over five years was greater in individuals with lower dietary intakes of vitamin B9 and vitamin C. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the possible role of dietary vitamin intake in the progression of arterial stiffness with aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18050745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:58:03Z","timestamp":1772114283000},"page":"745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between Increased Central and Peripheral Arterial 2 Stiffness and Vitamin Intake in Healthy Adults: EVA Follow-Up 3 Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Alonso-Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Home Hospitalization Service, Marqu\u00e9s of Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0675-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Lugones-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Avenida de los Donantes de Sangre, s\/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Rodriguez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service\u2013SACYL, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Av. Campo Charro, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Garcia-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service\u2013SACYL, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Av. Campo Charro, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Emergency Service, University Hospital of La Paz. P. of Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Avd. Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and Le\u00f3n Health Service\u2013SACYL, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Av. 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