{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:28:28Z","timestamp":1773192508219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PID2022-142316OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142316OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Vitamin D plays a central role in calcium and bone homeostasis; however, evidence linking serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women remains inconsistent. Because body weight and lean mass strongly influence skeletal loading and may also affect circulating 25(OH)D, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and bone outcomes in early postmenopausal women and to determine whether body composition attenuates this relationship. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 women within 10 years after natural menopause (59.5 \u00b1 6.3 years) were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Total body areal bone mineral density (total body aBMD, g\/cm2) was assessed by DXA, and trabecular volumetric BMD and cortical thickness were obtained using 3D modeling. Associations were examined using Spearman correlations and multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, body weight, lean mass, and years since menopause. Results: Median serum 25(OH)D was 23.7 ng\/mL [16.7\u201330.4]. A modest correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and total body aBMD (\u03c1 = 0.22, p = 0.016), but not with trabecular volumetric BMD or cortical thickness. After adjustment, 25(OH)D was not independently associated with total body aBMD (p = 0.144), whereas body weight remained significantly associated (\u03b2 = 0.27, p = 0.002). In logistic models, body weight (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90\u20130.96) and lean mass (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95\u20130.99) were protective against low BMD, while the association with 25(OH)D was modest. Conclusions: In early postmenopause, the association between serum 25(OH)D and BMD is modest and largely attenuated after accounting for body composition. Body weight and lean mass appear to be stronger determinants of bone outcomes than vitamin D status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18050865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:49:42Z","timestamp":1773071382000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Body Composition Attenuates the Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in Early Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Domingo-Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBIS), CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Sa\u00f1udo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Reverte-Pagola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"School of Humanities, Education and Sport, Universidad CEU Fernando III, 41930 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Maestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBIS), CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. 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