{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:30:04Z","timestamp":1773264604471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Research Institute of Taiwan","award":["NHRI EX95-9531PI and NHRI EX106-10629PI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI EX95-9531PI and NHRI EX106-10629PI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D has been associated with blood pressure across the life course in observational studies, although effect sizes are generally modest and findings are not fully consistent. We examined the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and multiple blood pressure indices in a community-based cohort of young adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis within the Young Taiwanese Adults (YOTA) cohort, restricting the sample to adults aged 18\u201345 years with complete serum 25(OH)D and blood pressure data. Serum 25(OH)D was modeled as a continuous variable and additionally examined using predefined concentration categories. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed using standardized protocols. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated associations, with sequential adjustment for demographic, anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lifestyle covariates. Restricted cubic spline models assessed potential nonlinearity. Results: Among 923 participants, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were modestly and linearly associated with lower SBP, DBP, and MAP after multivariable adjustment. Each 10 ng\/mL increase in serum 25(OH)D was associated with a 1.07 mmHg lower SBP, a 1.19 mmHg lower DBP, and a 1.22 mmHg lower MAP. Associations remained consistent in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: In young adults, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were modestly associated with lower blood pressure indices. These findings confirm prior observational evidence of modest inverse associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood pressure and extend these observations to a relatively healthy young adult population. Prospective studies are required to clarify temporality and clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18050876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1773076563000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Blood Pressure in Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Way","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100229, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 640203, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4994-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 640203, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8831-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin-Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy Huey-Jen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Shiang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta-Chen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003417","article-title":"Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"345","author":"Vasan","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. 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