{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:16:04Z","timestamp":1788959764718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a major public health problem that puts pressure on healthcare systems globally. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize and analyse recent research on the bidirectional link between obesity and mental health, focusing on the biological, behavioural, dietary, emotional, and metabolic mechanisms arising from gut microbiota interactions. Epidemiological association between obesity and mental health disorders, especially depression and anxiety, often occurs bidirectionally, reinforcing each other. Low-grade systemic inflammation is a condition typically found in obesity, being a fundamental element of neuropsychiatric disorders. Considered the main energy substrate for colon cells, SCFAs are synthesized in the intestine and exert important local effects by reducing both local and systemic inflammation. The intestinal microbiota maintains this homeostasis through the SCFAs it produces. The combined impact of the increased intestinal permeability, immune activation, and disrupted metabolism of SCFAs and tryptophan contributes to the onset and progression of depression and anxiety, as well as to significant cognitive dysfunction, especially in obese individuals. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbiota metabolites influence brain development, neuroplasticity, and behaviour could pave the way for new and innovative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and depression. Conclusions: The association of these pathologies is not coincidental, as they coexist through overlapping biological pathways that they partially or completely share. The main pathway involved is formed by the brain\u2013gut axis and its mediators (SCFAs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18060898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:46:31Z","timestamp":1773326791000},"page":"898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Linking Obesity and Depression Through the Gut\u2013Brain Axis: The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9984-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Ionu\u021b","family":"Vl\u0103sceanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Timofeiov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alin Constantin","family":"P\u00eenzariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu Petru","family":"Soroceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalina","family":"Maxim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Ambrosie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ancu\u021ba Andreea","family":"Miler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6070-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor","family":"Cojocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Mihaela","family":"Cojocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3449-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Marian","family":"Leonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Gabriela","family":"Trofin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Vasile","family":"Timofte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Spiridon County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kluge, H.H.P., and Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) (2022). WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halabitska, I., Petakh, P., Kamyshna, I., Oksenych, V., Kainov, D.E., and Kamyshnyi, O. (2024). The Interplay of Gut Microbiota, Obesity, and Depression: Insights and Interventions. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 81.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05476-w"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005520","article-title":"The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Long-Term Depression Treatment in Patients with Obesity","volume":"276","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005003","article-title":"Patient-Reported Outcomes After Metabolic Surgery Versus Medical Therapy for Diabetes: Insights from the STAMPEDE Randomized Trial","volume":"274","author":"Aminian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715273291985240430074053","article-title":"Obesity and Depression: Common Link and Possible Targets","volume":"23","author":"Jitte","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leutner, M., Dervic, E., Bellach, L., Klimek, P., Thurner, S., and Kautzky, A. (2023). Obesity as Pleiotropic Risk State for Metabolic and Mental Health throughout Life. Transl. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02447-w"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, J., Hu, H., Ju, Y., Liu, J., Wang, M., Liu, B., and Zhang, Y. (2024). Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Depression: Deep Insight into Biological Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Gen. Psychiatry, 37.","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101374"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E358","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200159","article-title":"Blood Microbiota and Metabolomic Signature of Major Depression before and after Antidepressant Treatment: A Prospective Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"46","author":"Ciocan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toader, C., Dobrin, N., Costea, D., Glavan, L.-A., Covache-Busuioc, R.-A., Dumitrascu, D.-I., Bratu, B.-G., Costin, H.-P., and Ciurea, A.V. (2024). Mind, Mood and Microbiota\u2014Gut\u2013Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063340"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yarahmadi, A., Afkhami, H., Javadi, A., and Kashfi, M. (2024). Understanding the Complex Function of Gut Microbiota: Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of Obesity and beyond: A Comprehensive Review. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01561-z"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dakanalis, A., Mentzelou, M., Papadopoulou, S.K., Papandreou, D., Spanoudaki, M., Vasios, G.K., Pavlidou, E., Mantzorou, M., and Giaginis, C. (2023). The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight\/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety\/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051173"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willem, C., Gandolphe, M., Doba, K., Roussel, M., Verkindt, H., Pattou, F., and Nandrino, J. (2020). Eating in Case of Emotion Dys-regulation, Depression and Anxiety: Different Pathways to Emotional Eating in Moderate and Severe Obesity. Clin. Obes., 10.","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12388"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015aliwi\u0144ska, M., Podraza, A., Wirkijowska, M., Wirkijowski, J., W\u00f3jtowicz, K., Walczak, A., Gajek-Flanczewska, W., Flanczewski, S., Wo\u017aniak, P., and Wietrzykowska, E. (2025). Physical Activity in Patients after Bariatric Surgery\u2014A Literature Review. Qual. Sport, 37.","DOI":"10.12775\/QS.2025.37.57448"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15630","article-title":"Depression and Type 2 Diabetes: A Causal Relationship and Mechanistic Pathway","volume":"26","author":"Khawagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerrini Usubini, A., Bottacchi, M., Bondesan, A., Frigerio, F., Marazzi, N., Castelnuovo, G., and Sartorio, A. (2024). Emotional and Behavioral Impairment and Comorbid Eating Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072068"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beckman, M., and Harris, J. (2021). Understanding Individual and Socio-Cultural Factors Associated with Hispanic Parents\u2019 Provision of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Young Children. Appetite, 161.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105139"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skalski-Bednarz, S.B., Hillert, A., Surzykiewicz, J., Riedl, E., Harder, J.-P., Hillert, S.M., Adamczyk, M., Uram, P., Konaszewski, K., and Rydygel, M. (2024). Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175078"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capoccia, D., Milani, I., Colangeli, L., Parrotta, M.E., Leonetti, F., and Guglielmi, V. (2025). Social, Cultural and Ethnic Determinants of Obesity: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 35.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.103901"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doman, K., Komada, D., Hermanowicz, K., Oleksy, D., Najdek, A., Kaczmarska, U., Wo\u017aniak, A., Mycyk, M., Nowak, J., and Cioch, M.J. (2025). Comprehensive Overview\u2014Outcomes and Challenges of Bariatric Surgery\u2014Physical, Psychological and Nutritional Considerations. J. Educ. Health Sport., 78.","DOI":"10.12775\/JEHS.2025.78.57662"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2021.14","article-title":"Association of Adult Socioeconomic Status with Body Mass Index: A Within- and Between-Twin Study","volume":"24","author":"Crofts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosciuszko, M., Steptoe, A., and Ajnakina, O. (2023). Genetic Propensity, Socioeconomic Status, and Trajectories of Depression over a Course of 14 Years in Older Adults. Transl. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02367-9"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy223","article-title":"Using Genetics to Understand the Causal Influence of Higher BMI on Depression","volume":"48","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torgersen, K., Rahman, Z., Bahrami, S., Hindley, G.F.L., Parker, N., Frei, O., Shadrin, A., O\u2019Connell, K.S., Tesli, M., and Smeland, O.B. (2022). Shared Genetic Loci between Depression and Cardiometabolic Traits. PLoS Genet., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010161"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.25048\/tudod.1323889","article-title":"The Relationship Between Obesity with Depression and Anxiety Levels: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study","volume":"7","author":"Balkoca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeWolfe, C.E.J., Galbraith, M.K., Smith, M.M., Watt, M.C., Olthuis, J.V., Sherry, S.B., and Stewart, S.H. (2023). Anxiety Sensitivity and Physical Activity Are Inversely Related: A Meta-Analytic Review. Ment. Health Phys. Act., 25.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2023.100548"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adam, M.Y., and Wani, M.A. (2022). Self-Esteem and Mental Health among Obese and Non-Obese People. Int. J. Health Sci., 1689\u20131705.","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS8.11511"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0119bski, J., Przyby\u0142owski, J., Skibiak, K., Czerwi\u0144ska, M., Wal\u0119dziak, M., and R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Wal\u0119dziak, A. (2024). Depression and Obesity\u2014Do We Know Everything about It? A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193383"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lores, T., Musker, M., Collins, K., Burke, A., Perry, S.W., Wong, M.-L., and Licinio, J. (2020). Pilot Trial of a Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Program for Comorbid Depression and Obesity. BMC Psychol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00400-w"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Acqua, C., Messerotti Benvenuti, S., Cellini, N., Brush, C.J., Ruggerone, A., and Palomba, D. (2024). Familial Risk for Depression Is Associated with Reduced Physical Activity in Young Adults: Evidence from a Wrist-Worn Actigraphy Study. Transl. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02925-9"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120000166","article-title":"Emotional Eating and Obesity in Adults: The Role of Depression, Sleep and Genes","volume":"79","author":"Konttinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, F., Barbuti, M., Carignani, G., Calderone, A., Santini, F., Maremmani, I., and Perugi, G. (2020). Psychiatric Aspects of Obesity: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology and Psychopathology. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082344"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E313","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210036","article-title":"Can Treatment of Obesity Reduce Depression or Vice Versa?","volume":"46","author":"Borgland","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mruczyk, K., Cisek-Wo\u017aniak, A., Molska, M., and Skoczek-Rubi\u0144ska, A. (2025). The Role of Inflammatory Markers in Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged Women: A Focus on TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6. Metabolites, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15030186"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erabi, H., Okada, G., Shibasaki, C., Setoyama, D., Kang, D., Takamura, M., Yoshino, A., Fuchikami, M., Kurata, A., and Kato, T.A. (2020). Kynurenic Acid Is a Potential Overlapped Biomarker between Diagnosis and Treatment Response for Depression from Metabolome Analysis. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73918-z"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.04.009","article-title":"The Changes in Kynurenine Metabolites Induced by rTMS in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Pilot Study","volume":"138","author":"Tateishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-025-07719-6","article-title":"SES and Bariatric Surgery: The Need for Comprehensive Assessment","volume":"35","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8824","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04797-6","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Abnormalities in Metabolic Disturbances: Interplay of Adipokines and Neurotransmission","volume":"62","author":"Cheon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Wang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Xie, P. (2023). Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Depression: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. eBioMedicine, 90.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i1.31","article-title":"Abdominal Volume Index: A Predictive Measure in Relationship between Depression\/Anxiety and Obesity","volume":"20","author":"Hadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, D.A., Coutinho, E.D.S.F., Ferriani, L.O., and Viana, M.C. (2020). Depression Subtypes and Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes. Rev., 21.","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12966"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141oniewski, I., Szuli\u0144ska, M., Kaczmarczyk, M., Podsiad\u0142o, K., Styburski, D., Skonieczna-\u017bydecka, K., and Bogda\u0144ski, P. (2023). Multispecies Probiotic Affects Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrition, 114.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112109"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovtun, A.S., Averina, O.V., Angelova, I.Y., Yunes, R.A., Zorkina, Y.A., Morozova, A.Y., Pavlichenko, A.V., Syunyakov, T.S., Karpenko, O.A., and Kostyuk, G.P. (2022). Alterations of the Composition and Neurometabolic Profile of Human Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092162"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S., and Cho, K.Y. (2020). Altered Gut Microbiota and Shift in Bacteroidetes between Young Obese and Normal-Weight Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6587136"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, J.-G., Lan, W.-T., Feng, Y.-Q., Li, Y.-H., Shen, Y.-Y., Gong, J.-H., Zou, Z., and Hou, X. (2023). Associations between Dysbiosis Gut Microbiota and Changes of Neurotransmitters and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Valproic Acid Model Rats. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1077821"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fillier, T.A., Shah, S., Doody, K.M., Pham, T.H., Aubry, I., Tremblay, M.L., Cheema, S.K., Blundell, J., and Thomas, R.H. (2022). Brief Exposure of Neuronal Cells to Levels of SCFAs Observed in Human Systemic Circulation Impair Lipid Metabolism Resulting in Apoptosis. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18363-w"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, X., Yuan, Q., Long, J., and Zhou, J. (2025). Recent Advances in Gut Microbiota-Mediated Regulation of Fat Deposition and Metabolic Disorders. Microbiome Res. Rep., 4.","DOI":"10.20517\/mrr.2025.25"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fusco, W., Lorenzo, M.B., Cintoni, M., Porcari, S., Rinninella, E., Kaitsas, F., Lener, E., Mele, M.C., Gasbarrini, A., and Collado, M.C. (2023). Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, B., Zhao, D., Zhou, S., Kang, J.X., and Wang, B. (2025). Insight into the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Gut Microbiota: Impact of a Balanced Tissue Omega-6\/Omega-3 Ratio. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1575323"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dicks, L.M.T. (2022). Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091838"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan, Z., Tang, X., Lu, M., Hu, Z., and Tang, Z. (2024). The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Central Nervous System Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis with Future Directions. Heliyon, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26377"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Chen, J., Qin, Y., Yuan, J., Yu, Z., Ma, R., Liu, F., and Zhao, J. (2025). Linking Short-Chain Fatty Acids to Systemic Homeostasis: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Future Directions. J. Nutr. Metab., 2025.","DOI":"10.1155\/jnme\/8870958"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s, M., Olate, P., Rodriguez, R., Diaz, R., Mart\u00ednez, A., Hern\u00e1ndez, G., Sepulveda, N., Paz, E.A., and Qui\u00f1ones, J. (2025). Human Microbiome as an Immunoregulatory Axis: Mechanisms, Dysbiosis, and Therapeutic Modulation. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092147"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Y., Li, J., and Ying, S. (2023). Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13111166"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz127","article-title":"Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e1ndi, Y., Stone, T.W., Guillemin, G.J., V\u00e9csei, L., and Williams, R.O. (2022). Editorial: Multiple Implications of the Kynurenine Pathway in Inflammatory Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.860867"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.05.018","article-title":"The Kynurenine Pathway in Major Depression: What We Know and Where to Next","volume":"127","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fashogbon, R.O., Samson, O.J., Awotundun, T.A., Olanbiwoninu, A.A., and Adebayo-Tayo, B.C. (2024). Microbial Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis: A Promising Approach for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 77.","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovae122"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44040096","article-title":"Therapeutic Anti-Depressant Potential of Microbial GABA Produced by Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Strains for GABAergic Signaling Restoration and Inhibition of Addiction-Induced HPA Axis Hyperactivity","volume":"44","author":"Tette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liwinski, T., Lang, U.E., Br\u00fchl, A.B., and Schneider, E. (2023). Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Stress and Depressive Disorders through the Gut\u2013Brain Axis. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.1508.v1"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutler, A.J., Mattingly, G.W., and Maletic, V. (2023). Understanding the Mechanism of Action and Clinical Effects of Neuroactive Steroids and GABAergic Compounds in Major Depressive Disorder. Transl. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02514-2"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dynda\u0142, K., Pa\u0144czyszyn-Trzewik, P., and Sowa-Ku\u0107ma, M. (2025). Metabolic Modulators in Depression: Emerging Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178755"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Folarin, A.A., Sun, S., Cummins, N., Ranjan, Y., Rashid, Z., Stewart, C., Conde, P., Sankesara, H., and RADAR-CNS Consortium (2024). Longitudinal Assessment of Seasonal Impacts and Depression Associations on Circadian Rhythm Using Multimodal Wearable Sensing: Retrospective Analysis. J. Med. Internet Res., 26.","DOI":"10.2196\/55302"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Ma, M.-H., Li, K., Xu, S.-N., and Liu, Y. (2025). High Dietary Live Microbe Intake Associated with Reduced Depressive Symptoms in Gastrointestinal Disease Patients: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Nutr. Metab., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-025-00976-3"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, S.E., Kraft, C.S., Ziegler, T.R., Millson, E.C., Rishishwar, L., and Martin, G.S. (2023). The Role of Diet on the Gut Microbiome, Mood and Happiness. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.18.23287442"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231224171","article-title":"What Is the Impact of Antidepressant Side Effects on Medication Adherence among Adult Patients Diagnosed with Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review","volume":"38","author":"Niarchou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1195","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200283","article-title":"The Effect of Interventions Targeting Gut Microbiota on Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doll, J.P.K., V\u00e1zquez-Castellanos, J.F., Schaub, A.-C., Schweinfurth, N., Kettelhack, C., Schneider, E., Yamanbaeva, G., M\u00e4hlmann, L., Brand, S., and Beglinger, C. (2022). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as an Adjunctive Therapy for Depression\u2014Case Report. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.815422"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Pramanik, J., Goyal, N., Chauhan, D., Sivamaruthi, B.S., Prajapati, B.G., and Chaiyasut, C. (2023). Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression: Unveiling the Relationships and Management Options. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040565"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Li, Y., Guo, Y., Sun, J., and Yang, Y. (2025). Clinical Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Alleviating Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Front. Psychiatry, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1656969"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Chen, B., Zhang, J., Dong, J., Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Jin, K., and Lu, J. (2023). Effect of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics on Depression: Results from a Meta-Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04963-x"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuling, M., Tomeva, E., Ivanovic, N., and Haslberger, A. (2024). Butyrate- and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate-Mediated Effects of Interventions with Pro- and Prebiotics, Fasting, and Caloric Restrictions on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070787"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Effect of Probiotics on Obesity with Comorbid Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Sater, K.A., and Hassan, H.A. (2025). Gut Microbiota and Stress Ulcers: Unraveling the Neurotransmitter Connection. Front. Neurosci., 19.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1594179"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxim, M., Soroceanu, R.P., Vl\u0103sceanu, V.I., Platon, R.L., Toader, M., Miler, A.A., Onofriescu, A., Abdulan, I.M., Ciuntu, B.-M., and Balan, G. (2025). Dietary Habits, Obesity, and Bariatric Surgery: A Review of Impact and Interventions. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030474"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The Neuroactive Potential of the Human Gut Microbiota in Quality of Life and Depression","volume":"4","author":"Falony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrovics, P., Nagy, A., Sandor, B., Palfi, A., Szekeres, Z., Toth, K., and Szabados, E. (2021). Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413172"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivares-Barraza, R., Marcos, J.L., Escobar-Luna, J., Covarrubias, M.J., Renard, G.M., Iturriaga-V\u00e1squez, P., Gysling, K., Bravo, J.A., Fuenzalida, M., and Sotomayor-Z\u00e1rate, R. (2025). Chronic High-Fat Diet Exposure Alters Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signalling and Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in the Rat Lateral Septum, Elsevier BV.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5803882"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/cap0000393","article-title":"Anxiety Sensitivity as a Transdiagnostic Factor in Emotional Disorders, Addictive Disorders, and Their Comorbidities: How Basic Research Informs Intervention Research","volume":"65","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. Psychol. Psychol. Can."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Shah, Y.A., Hussain, M., Rabail, R., Socol, C.T., Hassoun, A., Pateiro, M., Lorenzo, J.M., and Rusu, A.V. (2022). Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease: Unveiling the Relationship. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.999001"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Nava, G., Asokkumar, R., Lacruz, T., Rull, A., Beltran, L., and Bautista-Casta\u00f1o, I. (2020). The Effect of Weight Loss and Exercise on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Following Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies (EBT) for Obesity. Health Qual. Life Outcomes, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01359-3"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2023.08.013","article-title":"Suicide Attempts after Bariatric Surgery: Comparison to a Nonsurgical Cohort of Individuals with Severe Obesity","volume":"19","author":"Yeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20241087","article-title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality: Association Versus Causation and the Need for Ongoing Surveillance","volume":"182","author":"McIntyre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-024-07439-3","article-title":"Self-Harm Before and Six Months After Obesity Surgery","volume":"34","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlberg, K., Jaensson, M., Cao, Y., N\u00e4slund, E., and Stenberg, E. (2023). Incidence of Self-harm after Bariatric Surgery: A Nationwide Registry-based Matched Cohort Study. Clin. Obes., 13.","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12576"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12532","article-title":"Psychological Functioning and Well-being before and after Bariatric Surgery; What Is the Benefit of Being Self-compassionate?","volume":"27","author":"Aydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheen, A.J. (2025). Weight Loss Therapy and Addiction: Increased Risk after Bariatric Surgery but Reduced Risk with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Diabetes Metab., 51.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2025.101612"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speed, S.N., Sherman, G.T., Wang, T., Pince, C.L., Sanfilippo, J.E., Montemitro, C., Giorgi, S., Curtis, B.L., Farinelli, L.A., and Farokhnia, M. (2025). Bariatric Surgery and Alcohol and Substance Use: A Case-Control Survey Study. Drug Alcohol Depend., 267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112529"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller-Matero, L.R., Vanderziel, A., Haley, E.N., Jackson, K.M., Moore, R.S., Hamann, A., Carlin, A.M., Genaw, J., and Braciszewski, J.M. (2025). Alcohol Use after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Qualitative Investigation of the Relation with Mood and Food. Health Psychol. Behav. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2025.2478029"},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Burjonrappa, S., and Grover, K. (2025). Bariatric Surgery Complications. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","volume":"67","author":"Luppino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.17.4.5571","article-title":"The Involvement of Epicardial Adiposity and Inflammation in Postoperatory Atrial Fibrilation\u2014Immunohistochemical Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment","volume":"68","author":"Butcovan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mas-Bargues, C., Escriv\u00e1, C., Dromant, M., Borr\u00e1s, C., and Vi\u00f1a, J. (2021). Lipid Peroxidation as Measured by Chromatographic Determination of Malondialdehyde. Human Plasma Reference Values in Health and Disease. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 709.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108941"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toader, M., Branisteanu, D., Glod, M., Esanu, I., Branisteanu, C., Capsa, M.-S., Dimitriu, A., Nicolescu, A., Pinzariu, A., and Branisteanu, D. (2022). Mucocutaneous Lesions Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Review). Exp. Ther. Med., 23.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11183"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.126","article-title":"Brain Structural and Functional Alterations in Individuals with Combined Overweight\/Obesity and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies","volume":"334","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirozzi, C., Opallo, N., Del Piano, F., Melini, S., and Lama, A. (2025). Body and Mind: How Obesity Triggers Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1524555"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011","article-title":"The Neuropharmacology of Butyrate: The Bread and Butter of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis?","volume":"99","author":"Stilling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00eenzariu, A.C., Moscalu, R., Soroceanu, R.P., Maranduca, M.A., Drochioi, I.C., Vlasceanu, V.I., Timofeiov, S., Timofte, D.V., Huzum, B., and Moscalu, M. (2025). The Therapeutic Use and Potential of MSCs: Advances in Regenerative Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073084"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega, M.A., Alvarez-Mon, M.A., Garc\u00eda-Montero, C., Fraile-Martinez, O., Guijarro, L.G., Lahera, G., Monserrat, J., Valls, P., Mora, F., and Rodr\u00edguez-Jim\u00e9nez, R. (2022). Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder\u2014Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010050"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00747-7","article-title":"The Role of Insufficient Sleep and Circadian Misalignment in Obesity","volume":"19","author":"Chaput","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badulescu, O., Sirbu, P., Ungureanu, C., Pinzariu, A., Cojocaru, E., Filip, N., Bararu-Bojan, I., Vladeanu, M., and Ciocoiu, M. (2021). Orthopedic Surgery in Hemophilic Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Exp. Ther. Med., 22.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10427"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573","article-title":"Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"78","author":"Nikolova","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Tao, X., Wang, D., Pu, J., Liu, Y., Gui, S., Zhong, X., Yang, D., Zhou, H., and Tao, W. (2024). Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Schizophrenia. Front. Psychiatry, 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1366311"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan, K.J., Collins, M.K., Moloney, G.M., Knox, E.G., Aburto, M.R., F\u00fclling, C., Morley, S.J., Clarke, G., Schellekens, H., and Cryan, J.F. (2022). Short Chain Fatty Acids: Microbial Metabolites for Gut-Brain Axis Signalling. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 546.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111572"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, W., Meng, Z., Li, N., Liu, Y., Li, L., Chen, D., and Yang, Y. (2021). Roles of Gut Microbiota in the Regulation of Hippocampal Plasticity, Inflammation, and Hippocampus-Dependent Behaviors. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.611014"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.01.004","article-title":"Few but Not Futile: A Sparse Nucleus Accumbens Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Population Regulates Reward Learning","volume":"97","author":"Roland","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000519","article-title":"Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Mental Health","volume":"79","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soroceanu, R.P., Timofte, D.V., Maxim, M., Platon, R.L., Vlasceanu, V., Ciuntu, B.M., Pinzariu, A.C., Clim, A., Soroceanu, A., and Silistraru, I. (2023). Twelve-Month Outcomes in Patients with Obesity Following Bariatric Surgery\u2014A Single Centre Experience. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051134"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hristov, I., Mocanu, V., Zugun-Eloae, F., Labusca, L., Cretu-Silivestru, I., Oboroceanu, T., Tiron, C., Tiron, A., Burlacu, A., and Pinzariu, A.C. (2019). Association of Intracellular Lipid Accumulation in Subcutaneous Adipocyte Precursors and Plasma Adipokines in Bariatric Surgery Candidates. Lipids Health Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1081-9"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Salonen, A., and Jian, C. (2023). Can Prebiotics Help Tackle the Childhood Obesity Epidemic?. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1178155"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2024.02.007","article-title":"Eating Disorders and Obesity: Bridging Clinical, Neurobiological, and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Giel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung, C., and Lutfy, K. (2025). Dopamine D2 Receptors and Its Downstream Signaling in Compulsive Eating. Brain Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15090923"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blum, K., Downs, B.W., Bagchi, D., Wang, G.J., Thanos, P.K., Elman, I., Jalali, R., Bowirrat, A., Baron, D., and Soni, D. (2022). Achieving Dopamine Homeostasis to Combat Brain-Gut Functional Impairment: Behavioral and Neurogenetic Correlates of Reward Deficiency Syndrome. Microbiome, Immunity, Digestive Health and Nutrition, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822238-6.00001-7"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"699","article-title":"Nutritional Factors in Transdifferentiation of Scheletal Muscles to Adipocytes","volume":"118","author":"Sindilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.18.10.6649","article-title":"The Effects of Two Nitric Oxide Donors in Acute Inflammation in Rats Experimental Data","volume":"69","author":"Buca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f6hrdanz, N., Wulff, P., and Balueva, K. (2025). Deep Mining in the Dorsal Raphe: Cholecystokinin-Expressing Neurons Encode Satiation-Related Cues to Regulate Meal Size. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02240-9"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Demeneghi, R., S\u00e1nchez-Bizama, J., Mart\u00ednez-Moreno, A.G., Vargas-Moreno, I., Ramirez-Rodriguez, R., Puga-Olgu\u00edn, A., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Barradas, E.Y. (2026). Mindful Eating as the next Therapeutic Frontier in Nutritional Psychiatry. Front. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1726847"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maranduca, M.A., Cosovanu, M.A., Clim, A., Pinzariu, A.C., Filip, N., Drochioi, I.C., Vlasceanu, V.I., Timofte, D.V., Nemteanu, R., and Plesa, A. (2023). The Renin-Angiotensin System: The Challenge behind Autoimmune Dermatological Diseases. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13223398"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3ralczyk-Bi\u0144kowska, A., Szmajda-Krygier, D., and Koz\u0142owska, E. (2022). The Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911245"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/6\/898\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:06:07Z","timestamp":1773327967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/6\/898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18060898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18060898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]}}}