{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:17:33Z","timestamp":1773814653392,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"United States Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["8040-10700-005-000-D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8040-10700-005-000-D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) has been inversely associated with a lower risk of ulcerative colitis. Using a pig model, we evaluated the effect of FV supplementation on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Six-week-old pigs were fed a grower diet (negative control), grower diet + 4% DSS (positive control), half-FV diet + DSS, or full-FV diet + DSS. FV levels matched half or full daily recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Clinical signs were monitored; proximal colon contents (PCs) and mucosa (PCM) were analyzed for metagenome, transcriptome and histopathology. Results: Full-FV pigs showed no diarrhea, less fecal occult blood (FOB), crypt hyperplasia, but no changes in gene expression or microbiome diversity (p &lt; 0.05). Half-FV pigs had increased FOB, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to tissue remodeling, crypt\/goblet cell hyperplasia and two cases of diarrhea (p &lt; 0.05). DSS controls showed reduced immune-related DEGs, altered microbiome, PCM erosion, FOB, and persistent diarrhea in one pig (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: A three-week full-FV diet conferred protection against DSS-induced colitis, with a dose-dependent protection of intestinal tissue and gut metagenome under inflammatory challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18060937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T14:30:32Z","timestamp":1773671432000},"page":"937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented-Diet Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis by Modulating Host Transcriptome and Gut Metagenome Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2752-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Solano-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukla","family":"Lakshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4365-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethiopia","family":"Beshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey","family":"Molokin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Vinyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry D.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Santin-Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Bruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seysa, 28047 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NorthEast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"383","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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