{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:12:07Z","timestamp":1773994327586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture"},{"name":"Food and Rural Affairs"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Jeonbuk State Government, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026-RISE-13-WSU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-RISE-13-WSU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Boram Bio Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a standardized ethanol extract of purple perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo; PE) in adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups and received PE (n = 50, 500 mg\/day) or placebo (n = 50) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcomes included cognitive function, which was assessed by the Korean mini-mental status examination\u20132 (K\u2013MMSE\u20132) and the Alzheimer\u2019s disease assessment scale\u2013cognitive subscale (ADAS\u2013Cog), and plasma amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which were measured as secondary biochemical markers. The safety biomarkers were also assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the K\u2013MMSE\u20132 total score, the K\u2013MMSE\u20132 subdomain scores (attention and calculation and language), the ADAS\u2013Cog total score, and the ADAS\u2013Cog subscale scores (word recall, commands, delayed word recall, naming, word recognition, and recall instructions) showed statistically significant between-group improvements compared with the placebo group. Improvements were observed in both groups, whereas the magnitude of cognitive enhancement was greater in the PE group, indicating an effect beyond placebo-related responses. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in plasma A\u03b2 or BDNF levels. The safety evaluation found no clinically significant changes. Conclusions: Twelve-week administration of PE significantly improved cognitive outcomes without safety concerns, suggesting its potential as a standardized botanical ingredient for supporting cognitive function in individuals with early cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18060960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:12:26Z","timestamp":1773853946000},"page":"960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Standardized Ethanol Extract of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo) Leaves in Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyang-Im","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Cheon","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borambio Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4834-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Houn","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borambio Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gun Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borambio Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4102-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 55338, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02621","article-title":"Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"430","author":"Mattson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000140","article-title":"Dementia and cognitive impairment prevalence and associated factors in indigenous populations: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Brucki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. 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